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ADHD Treatment Medication
Stimulants, the most frequently prescribed medication for ADHD, appear to balance brain chemicals and boost their levels. However, they do not cure the condition and will only help with symptoms as long as they're taken regularly.
The adverse effects of ADHD medication may include a change in blood pressure and heart rate, upset stomach, anxiety and tics. Certain teenagers and children who take stimulant drugs notice a slight reduction in their growth rate.
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate is a central nerve stimulant is the most well-known medication used to treat ADHD. It comes in a variety of forms, such as tablets that chew liquid and an oral disintegrating tablet that acts long, and a pill with extended release. The drug boosts the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. This helps to improve concentration. It may also reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. When combined with other treatments such as behavioral therapy, methylphenidate can be a very effective treatment for ADHD.
Methylphenidate is a drug that blocks transporters that normally remove these neurotransmitters from the brain. The medication can cause a slight increase in blood pressure and heart rate. It can also cause an abrupt change in blood sugar levels, so those with diabetes must be aware when taking this medication. If you have any of these side effects, speak to your doctor. Methylphenidate can also trigger Raynaud's phenomenon, which causes numbness of the fingers and feet. It is a rare but serious side result. It is important to inform your doctor if these symptoms occur.
There is some concerns that methylphenidate can slow children's growth, however it hasn't been proven to be the case. If you have a child being treated with methylphenidate ensure that you monitor the child's height and weight closely. If your child is on chewable tablets containing methylphenidate, it contains phenylalanine, which can be dangerous for children suffering from the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). Consult your physician about an alternative methylphenidate formulation when you suffer from PKU.
Some people have difficulty with stimulants which are the most popular treatment for ADHD. In these instances, doctors might prescribe another medication that performs in a similar manner. There are also other stimulants like dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine in addition to the methylphenidate. These substances can last longer and are stronger than methylphenidate. They are typically taken twice to three times a day However, some people take them more often. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD however they are less effective than stimulants.
Atomoxetine
Atomoxetine is also called Strattera and is a nonstimulant ADHD drug that boosts concentration while reducing hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It is part of a class known as selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors. It works by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine two chemical messengers that control the brain's activity. It is popular among adults and children who seek an alternative to stimulants like Adderall or Vyvanse.
It is important to realize that atomoxetine isn't a drug that works instantly. It can take up 6 weeks before the effects of this drug are evident. You may also experience side effects such as nausea and drowsiness. However the benefits of atomoxetine far outweigh the risks for a majority of patients.
In a double-blind placebo-controlled study that was conducted on 297 ADHD patients between the ages of 12 and 18 years old, the efficacy of atomoxetine was confirmed. Participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine in a daily dose of 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo over 9 weeks. In both atomoxetine as well as placebo groups depression symptoms were less. The atomoxetine treatment group showed better improvement in ADHD symptoms compared to the placebo group. However the improvement was only modest (Michelson and co. 2001).
In a different open trial, 10 patients suffering from ADHD who were unable to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine for 8 weeks. The group receiving atomoxetine had improved ADHD symptoms compared to placebo group and scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Investigator Rated Screening version and Clinical Global Impressions of Severity scale improving significantly. One patient withdrew due to an eruption. In addition, three patients reported transient gastrointestinal disturbances and one patient reported fatigue that was more severe (Kratochvil and colleagues, 2005).
Before you begin treatment with atomoxetine, talk to your doctor about your medical history as well as any other medications or supplements that you are taking. This includes herbal remedies as well as other over-the-counter medicines. It is particularly important to tell your doctor if there is narrow-angle glaucoma, a thyroid tumor or adrenal gland tumor or high blood pressure, heart disease or an unusually sudden death. Also, avoid atomoxetine if you have taken an MAO inhibitor, such as isocarboxazid, linezolid or methylene blue injection rasagiline or phenelzine, as well as tranylcypromine in the last 14 days.
Bupropion
Bupropion, a non-stimulant, can help to improve ADHD symptoms. It can also reduce impulsivity, and increase concentration. However it doesn't affect the brain the way stimulants do. Only prescriptions are accepted. Your doctor will determine the right dosage for you. Bupropion comes in capsules and tablets. It is crucial to follow the prescriptions. You might experience withdrawal symptoms in the event that you stop abruptly.
It's usually taken twice or three times a day with 4-6 hours between each dose. The dosage can range from 100 mg two or three times daily up to 150 mg three or four times daily. The drug is in the digestive system and excreted in urine. It isn't able to penetrate breast milk. However, it can enter the bloodstream and affect other organs. medication for adult add may increase blood pressure, making it vital to monitor it regularly.
In addition to improving the symptoms of ADHD Bupropion can also reduce depression. It is also used to treat bipolar disorder. It is a method of blocking dopamine receptors within your brain. This stops the neurotransmitter, dopamine, from reaching your brain. This helps to stabilize your mood.
Bupropion may interact with other drugs. Inform your doctor if taking any other medications. It's also important to know if you have any allergies. It is also important to avoid caffeine or other stimulants that could make the adverse effects worse.
Numerous studies have compared bupropion with placebos in adults suffering from ADHD. The results of these studies were mixed and the majority of studies were poorly conducted. Furthermore, many of them excluded participants with psychiatric comorbidity. The data indicate that bupropion can have a modest impact on ADHD. However it is necessary to conduct more research to identify positive outcomes for patients such as improvements in quality of life. Before medications for adhd can be created it is crucial to have a better understanding of the molecular forms of ADHD. This is a greater understanding of the connection between the various molecular pathways. It is also crucial to know how anti-ADHD drugs function in combination with psychotherapy.
Tricyclic antidepressants
When the stimulants prescribed for children with ADHD do not work or cause adverse side effects, doctors might consider antidepressants as a treatment. These drugs, like imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl and Pamelor) boost the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which helps people to focus. These are older medications that can have challenging side effects, so they're usually only used when other drugs have failed.
The first choice of antidepressants for depression is typically a selective serotonin receptor inhibitor (SSRI) like fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram or escitalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants continue to be used in certain instances despite their long history. They also work in treating neuropathic pain. They provide a pain-relieving effect that is separate from their antidepressant properties. They potentiate the noradrenephrine receptor, by preventing its reuptake. They also function as descending modulators for pain pathways in spinal cord.
SSRIs have a lower risk of toxicity and less serious side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. Additionally, they're safe in the womb and don't appear to be teratogenic in humans or animals. If they are abruptly stopped, they can cause significant withdrawal symptoms. Your doctor may recommend slowly reducing the dose over a few weeks to minimize these effects.
Bupropion, a popular antidepressant prescribed off-label to treat ADHD, is not FDA approved as a drug for adhd. It is believed to increase neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which enhances concentration. It's also known to relieve anxiety and can be utilized in conjunction with stimulants to achieve more rapid and sustained results.
While there are no other FDA-approved nonstimulant medications for ADHD however, many people find relief with the use of nutritional supplements and herbs. A diet that is low in fat and sugar may also help to reduce ADHD symptoms. Some people might also benefit by staying clear of caffeine. It is important to inform your doctor about all medications you or your child is taking, including prescription medications and herbal remedies. This can help reduce unwanted side effects and prevent interactions. ADHD medications can affect individuals differently. It could take a bit of trial and error before you determine the best dosage and drug for your child or yourself.
