Lunamcmahon3627

OBJECTIVE To compare the frequency of respiratory tract infections in children treated with OM-85 BV and placebo during the 3-month therapy period, and observation for a further 3 months after treatment. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 54 children (6 months to 5 years old) with no past history of recurrent respiratory infections attending daycare center. Family members were instructed to administer one capsule per day for 10 consecutive days, for 3 months of OM-85 BV or placebo. Telephone interviews were conducted every 30 days. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the number of respiratory infections between the groups. The mean number of respiratory tract infection in the OM-85 BV Group in the first 3 months was 0.92±0.87, and in the Placebo Group was 0.74±1.02, and at 6 months it was 1.62±1.47 and 1.03±1.34, respectively. CONCLUSION OM-85 BV was not effective in the primary prevention of respiratory tract infections. Although most authors recommend the use of this immunostimulant in children with a history of recurrent respiratory infections, more studies are needed to define its usefulness in the primary prevention of respiratory infections in healthy children exposed to few risk factors.OBJECTIVE To assess the academic and professional background of school personnel; to assess the impact of the Diabetes + Support given by School Personnel to Children with Type 1 Diabetes Program on the school personnel's knowledge and confidence to support students with type 1 diabetes; to compare their level of knowledge with the academic and professional variables of the school personnel. METHODS A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test study design without a Control Group. Study with a sample of 129 (before intervention - T0) and 113 (after intervention - T1) pre-school to secondary school personnel from participating schools, with at least one student with type 1 diabetes. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Portuguese Ministry of Education. RESULTS Most school personnel included in the study were teachers (51.2%). After training, they were more confident than before to support children with type 1 diabetes (p less then 0.05). Regarding knowledge levels, the differences between T0 (10.8±2.8; P 50 =11) and T1 (13.7±2.1; P 50 =11) were statistically significant (p less then 0.001). Of the 113 school personnel who participated in the final assessment, 89 (78.85%) increased their level of knowledge. RMC6236 CONCLUSION The program was effective to enhance knowledge and boost confidence to support students with diabetes.INTRODUCTION Chagas disease is one of the most common diseases in Latin America and heart involvement is the main cause of death. This study aimed to determine differences in tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) parameters in the assessment left and right ventricular function in patients with the indeterminate form of Chagas disease compared to those in healthy controls. METHODS We compared 194 patients with the indeterminate form of Chagas disease to 72 age-matched healthy individuals. We considered p-values less then 0.05 to be statistically significant. RESULTS TDI analysis of the right ventricular (RV) showed lengthened isovolumic relaxation time (IRT) and higher RV index of myocardial performance (RIMP) and left ventricle (LV) index of myocardial performance (LIMP) in the Chagas group than in the control group, indicating RV and LV systolic and diastolic myocardial damage. TDI analysis of the myocardial velocities of the interventricular septum and the lateral wall of the LV also showed a systolic and diastolic myocardial damage. CONCLUSIONS The study results demonstrated early LV systolic and diastolic myocardial damage in the RV and LV in patients with the indeterminate form of Chagas disease by TDI. These early findings of RV and LV dysfunction may help identify patients who will progress to heart failure during the disease course. TDI should be included in initial patient evaluations because it allows adequate follow-up and treatment.INTRODUCTION Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) represents a public health concern in several areas of the world. In the American continent, VL transmission is typically zoonotic, but humans with active VL caused by Leishmania infantum are able to infect sandflies. Thus, individuals with cutaneous parasitic infections may act as reservoirs and allow interhuman transmission. Additionally, the skin may be responsible for reactivation of the disease after therapy. This study's objective was to evaluate cutaneous parasitism in humans with VL in an American endemic area. METHODS A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in northeast Brazil from October 2016 to April 2017. Biopsies of healthy skin for histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed prior to treatment in all study patients. RESULTS Twenty-two patients between the ages of five months to 78 years were included in the study. Seven patients (31.8%) tested positive for HIV. Only one patient had cutaneous parasitism, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry prior to treatment. Parasitism was not detected after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Cutaneous parasitism in the healthy skin of humans with visceral leishmaniasis, although unusual, may be a source of infection for phlebotomine sandflies.INTRODUCTION Snakebites represent a serious global public health problem, especially in tropical countries. In Brazil, the incidence of snakebites ranges from 19 to 22 thousand cases per 100000 persons annually. The state of Rondônia, in particular, has had an increasing incidence of snakebites. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study on snakebites was conducted from January 2007 to December 2018. Brazil's Information System for Notifiable Diseases was queried for all snakebites reported in Porto Velho, Ariquemes, Cacoal, and Vilhena. Data on land surface temperatures during the day and night, precipitation, and humidity were obtained using the Google Earth Engine. A Bayesian time series model was constructed to describe the pattern of snakebites and their relationship with climate data. RESULTS In total, 6326 snakebites were reported in Rondônia. Accidents were commonly caused by Bothrops sp. (n=2171, 81.80%). Snakebites most frequently occurred in rural areas (n=2271, 85.5%). Men, with a median age of 34 years (n=2101, 79.1%), were the most frequent bitten. Moderate clinical manifestation was the most common outcome of an accident (n=1101, 41.50%). There were clear seasonal patterns with respect to rainfall, humidity, and temperature. Rainfall and land surface temperature during the day or night did not increase the risk of snakebites in any city; however, changes in humidity increased the risk of snakebites in all cities. CONCLUSION This study identified the population exposed to snakes and the influence of anthropic and climatic factors on the incidence of snakebites. According to climate data, changes in humidity increased the risk of snakebites.in English, Portuguese, No Brasil, houve aumento no número de casos de microcefalia detectados em crianças nascidas no segundo semestre de 2015. Esses casos tiveram incremento significativo no país. Em 2014, foram 162 ocorrências, aumentando, em 2015, para 1.608. Essa condição está associada a vários acometimentos nas funções do organismo, levando a limitações no desenvolvimento infantil. Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar a dinâmica familiar de criança com a síndrome congênita associada ao Zika vírus (SCZV) no Município de Petrolina, Pernambuco. Como instrumento de coleta, utilizou-se a consulta ao prontuário e a realização de entrevista por meio de roteiro semiestruturado. Empregou-se abordagem quali-quantitativa, envolvendo a totalidade das mães e dos familiares que acompanhavam as crianças com a SCZV na unidade de saúde de referência, AME Amália Granja Alencar. Na análise dos discursos, aplicou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados relacionados à categoria mudanças da vida diária de familiares de criança com a SCZV foram agrupados em três subcategorias atividade da vida diária (AVD); impactos financeiros e no trabalho associados à descoberta da SCZV; e mudança na relação conjugal após a descoberta da SCZV. A pesquisa demonstrou majoritariamente que o cuidado da criança com SCZV está centrado na figura feminina e que o diagnóstico traz significativas mudanças na dinâmica familiar, como maior dependência da criança ao cuidador, aumento de gastos financeiros e absenteísmo no trabalho.in English, Portuguese, Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a existência de associação entre os diferentes tipos de agentes contratantes atuantes na atenção básica brasileira, e a qualidade do cuidado ofertado medida pelo Programa de Melhoria e Acesso da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ). Trata-se de pesquisa quantitativa, com abordagem descritiva e inferencial por meio de regressão logística. Foram analisados 4.469 municípios brasileiros. Os resultados mostraram que não houve associação entre o tipo de agente contratante, se público ou privado, e a nota obtida no processo de certificação (valor de p > 0,05). Verificou-se que os municípios maiores e socioeconomicamente mais dinâmicos concentram as maiores parcelas de municípios que têm os serviços de atenção básica gerenciados por agentes contratantes privados (23,2%). No que se refere à nota da certificação obtida, também foram esses municípios que obtiveram as notas mais altas. Por fim, em todas as categorias tanto de agentes contratantes públicos quanto de agentes contratantes privados, a maioria dos municípios teve notas classificadas como média (entre 50 e 69,99). Dessa forma, identificou-se que a qualidade do cuidado ofertado na atenção básica brasileira medida pelo PMAQ não está associada ao tipo de agente contratante envolvido na gestão do serviço quando os dados são municipalizados. Além disso, encontrou-se que os agentes contratantes privados e as notas mais altas obtidas no processo de certificação estão concentrados nos municípios maiores e com melhores indicadores socioeconômicos.in English, Portuguese, A leishmaniose visceral é uma doença emergente e negligenciada em processo de expansão para áreas urbanas. A incidência da doença humana está relacionada com a infecção canina. Araçatuba e Birigui são municípios do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, com soroprevalência da infecção canina de 8 a 10%, que empregam estratégias de controle voltadas ao reservatório canino baseado em inquérito sorológico e eutanásia dos cães soropositivos. Usando dados desses programas de controle para parametrizar modelos matemáticos, este estudo avaliou a eficácia dessas atividades. Estimamos que o controle atualmente empregado é capaz de reduzir em cerca de 20% a incidência de casos de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC). Considerando-se um controle contínuo e um esforço das atividades de inquérito sorológico igual ao triplo da média do observado em Araçatuba e Birigui, a atividade de eutanásia de cães com diagnóstico positivo seria efetiva para o controle da infecção canina. Embora teoricamente possível, na prática, o controle da LVC com as estratégias preconizadas atualmente é insuficiente, pois exigiria superpor dificuldades enfrentadas por estas atividades como falta de recursos materiais, humanos e financeiros, além das questões éticas e jurídicas associadas.