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2; CI 1.3-3.8).

The frequency of bullying observed and the associated determinants demonstrate the persistence of this problem in adolescents and the need to develop a culture of appropriate and inclusive coexistence that goes beyond the school setting.

The frequency of bullying observed and the associated determinants demonstrate the persistence of this problem in adolescents and the need to develop a culture of appropriate and inclusive coexistence that goes beyond the school setting.Metal ion hybrid capacitors (MIHCs) have been recognized as one of the most promising power sources owing to their combined merits of high energy density in batteries and high power output in supercapacitors. The kinetics mismatch between the capacitor-type cathode and battery-type anode yet must be well addressed before implementing their practical feasibility. Here, we overview the recent progress in sodium and potassium ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs and PIHCs) and discuss the major challenges and give an outlook on the future directions in this field. The fundamental knowledge and the history will be firstly introduced, and special emphasis is then laid on the development of a variety of electrode materials in recent years. The prospects of future research of MIHCs are finally proposed towards their practical applications. We wish that this feature article can not only educate newcomers starting their reasearch in this field, but also inspire experieced researchers to contribute to the development of high-performance MIHC devices.Alloying is an effective tool to comprehend the packing mechanism and adjust the properties of nanomaterials. Herein, two crystal structures of alloy nanoclusters with M13 icosahedron cores, formulated as [Pt2Ag51(S-Adm)28(PPh3)2Cl7](SbF6)2 and [Au3Ag48(S-Adm)28Cl7](SbF6)2, are determined. The preferable site(s) of alloy metals in M13 induces various packing patterns of M13. The Pt2Ag21 and Au3Ag22 kernels are observed in Pt2Ag51 and Au3Ag48, respectively. The electronic structures of these two nanoclusters are evaluated. Overall, this work presents the effect of alloying on the packing patterns of M13 and electronic structures of the metal nanoclusters.Single atomic Na (Na-SA) was successfully anchored on the surface of carbon nitride nanosheets (CN-NSs) by simple direct calcination of the hydrothermally NaHCO3 pretreated dicyandiamide (DCDA) precursor. The introduction of Na-SA results in the electron transfer from Na to the complex N2C, not only improving the light absorption and increasing the adsorption ability, but also stimulating the separation of charge carriers, which sharply improves the NO removal rate from 36.8% to 52.5%, and prevents the production of toxic NO2 by-product. The excellent photo-stability makes Na-SA/NN-NSs a good candidate photocatalyst for air purification.Rational and purposeful designs of amorphous materials with desirable structures are difficult to implement due to the complex and unordered nature of such materials. In this work, a modelling algorithm was proposed for amorphous covalent triazine-based polymers to construct atomistic representative models that can reproduce the experimentally measured properties of experimental samples. The constructed models were examined through comparisons of simulated and experimental properties, such as surface area, pore volume, and structure factor, and further validated by the good consistency observed among these properties. To assess the predictive capability of the modelling algorithm, we used a new covalent triazine-based polymer and predicted its porosity by constructing a simulated model. The predicted results on the surface area and pore volume of the simulated model were quantitatively consistent with the experimental data derived from the experimentally synthesized sample. This consistency reveals the predictive capacity of the proposed modelling algorithm. The algorithm could be a promising approach to predict and develop advanced covalent triazine-based polymers for multiple applications.There is great interest in developing strategies to deliver proteins into the cytoplasm of cells. We report here a PEG-poly-eosin block copolymer (PEG-pEosin) that can encapsulate proteins and release them in active form under mildly acidic conditions. A PEG-pEosin formulation composed of Cre and the endosomolytic protein LLO efficiently performed gene editing in cells and in the brains of mice after an intracranial injection.Inhibition of the dioxygen sensing hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases has potential therapeutic benefit for treatment of diseases, including anaemia. We describe the discovery of a small-molecule probe useful for monitoring binding to human prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) via fluorescence polarisation. The assay is suitable for high-throughput screening of PHD inhibitors with both weak and strong affinities, as shown by work with clinically used inhibitors and naturally occurring PHD inhibitors.Advances in bionanotechnology aim to develop smart nucleic acid delivery carriers with stimuli-responsive features to overcome challenges such as non-biodegradability, rapid clearance, immune response, and reaching intracellular targets. Peptide-based nanomaterials have become widely used in the field of gene and drug delivery due to their structural versatility and biomimetic properties. Particularly, polypeptide gene vectors that respond to biological stimuli, such as acidic intracellular environments, have promising applications in mediating efficient endosomal escape and drug release. Unfortunately, synthesis strategies for efficient polymerization of acid-labile peptides have been limited due to conditions that fail to preserve acid-degradable functional groups. Stable urethane derivatives of the acid-labile amino acid ketalized serine (kSer) were synthesized and polymerized to a high molecular weight under permissive conditions independent of elevated temperature, restrictive solvents, or an inert atmosphere. A new formulation strategy utilizing solvent-driven self-assembly of poly(kSer) peptides with small interfering RNA (siRNA) was developed, and the resulting poly(kSer)/siRNA complexes were further cross-linked for reinforced stability under physiological conditions. The complexes were highly monodisperse and precisely spherical in morphology, which has significant clinical implications in definitive biodistribution, cellular internalization, and intracellular trafficking patterns. Selleckchem Y-27632 Self-assembled, cross-linked poly(kSer)/siRNA complexes demonstrated efficient nucleic acid encapsulation, internalization, endosomal escape, and acid-triggered cargo release, tackling multiple hurdles in siRNA delivery. The acid-responsive polypeptides and solvent-driven self-assembly strategies demonstrated in this study could be applicable to developing other efficient and safe delivery systems for gene and drug delivery.