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Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) emerging as a novel kind of visible light-responsive organic semiconductor have attracted extensive research attention in the field of photocatalytic organic transformations. However, the key parameters affecting their photocatalytic properties are still not clear. In this work, a series of [3 + 3] COFs with similar two-dimensional hexagonal structure but different compositions are synthesized and employed as model materials for investigating the key factors affecting the photocatalytic properties in the visible-light-driven reductive dehalogenation reaction and the aerobic cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction. In comparison with -H and -CF3, the -OH substituent in the aromatic ring could narrow the band gap of the COFs. The COFs with a triazine skeleton in the framework usually boost the photocatalytic activity, possibly because of the enhanced charge separation efficiency by the formation of a donor-acceptor domain. As a combined result of the narrow band gap, efficient charge separation, and high conductivity, the COF possessing both a -OH group and triazine skeleton shows the highest activity in the photocatalytic reductive dehalogenation reaction. Notably, COFs could be easily recovered and reused several times without the loss of crystallinity. Our primary results may shed light on the design of efficient COF-based semiconductors for photocatalytic organic transformations.BACKGROUND To study the efficacy of cisplatin-loaded M1 macrophage secreted-exosomes (DDP-M1-Exos) in enhancing DDP anti-tumor effect. METHODS M1-Exos were first extracted using density gradient centrifugation, and the DDP-M1-Exos system was established via electroporation. Then, the morphology, particle size and maker proteins of the DDP-M1-Exos system were assessed using transmission electron microscope (TEM), DLS and Western blotting, respectively. The uptake of Exos by mouse Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells was observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope, and the influence of the DDP-M1-Exos system on the viability of Lewis cells was determined using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Besides, its impacts on the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels and protein expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and Caspase-3 in LLC cells were examined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blottimor cell apoptosis, thereby resisting tumors. Moreover, through in vivo experiments, it was found that M1-Exos alone had a potential to suppress tumor growth, and that the carrier of M1-Exos could not only kill tumor cells, but also encapsulate DDP to enhance its anti-lung cancer effect. CONCLUSIONS The DDP-M1-Exos drug delivery system is prepared using Exos extracted via density gradient centrifugation by electroporation, and the drug-loaded Exos are able to effectively inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and induce their apoptosis, exerting an anti-tumor effect.BACKGROUND We compared surgical outcome of sacral colpopexy (SCP) performed with the most recent minimally invasive surgery such as 3 mm laparoscopy (MiniLPS), percutaneous system (PSS), standard laparoscopy (LPS) and robotic. METHODS This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study conducted at Urogynecological department of the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS of Rome and at the Gynecological Clinic of the Hospital Maggiore della Carità of Novara and of Policlinico di Abano. Carfilzomib We collected data of 115 patients who underwent laparoscopic SCP for pelvic organ prolapse between June 2017 and June 2018 using PSS, MiniLPS, standard LPS and da Vinci Si. RESULTS Patients of all four groups had similar characteristics. The median Operative time (OT) was significantly longer in Robotic procedure compared to all other groups There were no significant differences between the 4 groups in terms of estimated blood loss, conversion to laparotomy, intraoperative complications and median postoperative ileus. Visual analogue scale (VAS) at 4 h was significantly less for miniLPS compared to the other techniques. VAS at 24 h was higher for Robotic procedures than other techniques. CONCLUSIONS Results rule out that minimize surgical invasiveness of laparoscopic techniques could bring improvements in SCP not only from a cosmetic point of view but also from a functional one without requiring longer OT and maintaining the same standard laparoscopic configuration. Even if Robotic SCP is useful and safe because of its guarantee of efficiency, it cannot be considered the first choice for many women.in English, Polish WPROWADZENIE Otyłość została uznana przez Światową Organizację Zdrowia za najczęstszą przewlekłą chorobę na świecie. W Polsce obserwuje się wzrost rozpowszechnienia otyłości wśród dzieci. CEL PRACY Porównanie jakości diety, spożycia składników odżywczych oraz zachowań żywieniowych w grupie otyłych dzieci w porównaniu z dziećmi o prawidłowej masie ciała. MATERIAŁ I METODY Badaniami objęto 105 dzieci w wieku 7–15 lat. Grupę badaną stanowiło 52 otyłych pacjentów z Poradni Dietetycznej Uniwersyteckiego Szpitala Dziecięcego w Krakowie bez towarzyszących chorób przewlekłych oraz 53 pacjentów z prawidłową masą ciała. Zachowania żywieniowe dzieci i ich dietę oceniono za pomocą kwestionariusza (FFQ) oraz 24-godzinnego wywiadu żywieniowego. Do oceny jako-ści diety wykorzystano wskaźnik Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI). WYNIKI Dieta badanych otyłych dzieci była bogata w wysoko przetworzone i wysokotłuszczowe produkty oraz uboga w warzywa, owoce i produkty pełnoziarniste. Otyłe dzieci spożywały średnio 73,42 ±19,60 kcal/kg m.c. vs 49,89 ±12,20 kcal/kg m.c., p less then 0,01 dzieci o prawidłowej masie ciała oraz więcej energii z tłuszczy niż z węglowodanów. Zaobserwowano niskie spożycie witaminy A, D, kwasu foliowego, wapnia, jodu i żelaza w obu grupach. Za pomocą HDI wykazało niską jakość diety u prawie 40% otyłych dzieci. WNIOSKI Leczenie dietetyczne otyłych dzieci powinno koncentrować się nie tylko na zmniejszeniu kalorii pochodzących z produktów spożyw-czych, lecz także na wyborze produktów o wysokiej gęstości odżywczej oraz nauce zdrowych nawyków żywieniowych.