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tid atherosclerosis severity increased, ICAS prevalence also increased. HTN and DM might be independent indicators of co-existing ICAS and extracranial carotid atherosclerosis.

Moutan radicis cortex (MRC) and Cinnamomi ramulus (CR) are commonly used in eastern Asian traditional medicine to treat various diseases including cerebrovascular and cardiovascular, and have wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. However, the effect against laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) of extract of MRC and CR (11) (MRCCR) has not yet been studied.

Our aim was to investigate the inhibitory effect of MRCCR on pathological CNV in laser-treated Brown-Norway (BN) rats.

MRCCR (60, 90mg/kg) was orally administered twice per day for 15 days from the day of CNV formation in laser-treated BN rats. Effects of MRCCR or its constituents on cell migration, tube formation, hyperpermeability and phosphorylation of FAK/p38 MAPK were confirmed in humane retinal microvascular endothelial cells or human retinal pigment epithelial cells.

MRCCR significantly reduced the CNV lesions areas and the extent of fluorescein leakage. MRCCR and its constituents such as ellagic acid, paeonol or gallic acid decreased cell migration, tube formation or hyperpermeability. MRCCR inhibited the phosphorylation of FAK and p38 MAPK.

Combining the oral MRCCR and intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF medicine may result in a more potent therapeutic effect and consequently bring the reduction in eye injection numbers for patients with wet AMD.

Combining the oral MRCCR and intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF medicine may result in a more potent therapeutic effect and consequently bring the reduction in eye injection numbers for patients with wet AMD.

Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory cell death characterized by the formation of inflammasomes. Abnormal inflammation in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) has been correlated with ischemic stroke. Protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA) is a hydrophilic phenolic acid derived from the traditional Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza with significant anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanism of PCA on BMEC pyroptosis under ischemic injury has been largely unexplored.

We aimed to study the effects and mechanism of PCA on BMEC pyroptosis under ischemic injury.

Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were injected through the tail vein with different concentrations of PCA after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed. The protective effects of PCA in SD rats were examined via neurological scores, infarct volume evaluation, and anti-pyroptosis effects using immunofluorescence staining and western blot. Rat BMECs (rBMECs) were treated with different concentrations of PCA after oxygen and glucose deNA Xist.

Protocatechuic aldehyde prevents ischemic injury by attenuating rBMEC pyroptosis via lncRNA Xist.

With growing global prevalence, cancer is a major cause of disease-related deaths. check details The understanding of the fundamental tumor pathology has contributed to the development of agents targeting oncogenic signaling pathways. Although these agents have increased survival for defined cancers, the therapeutic choices are still limited due to the development of drug resistance. CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful new technology in cancer therapy by facilitating the identification of novel treatment targets and development of cell-based treatment strategies.

We focused on applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in cancer therapy and discuss nanoscale delivery of cytotoxic phytochemical targeting the CRISPR/Cas9 system.

Genome engineering has been significantly accelerated by the advancement of the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Phytochemicals play a key role in treating cancer by targeting various mechanisms and pathways.

The use of CRISPR/Cas9 for nanoscale delivery of phytochemicals opens new avenues in cancer therapy. One of the main obstacles in the clinical application of CRISPR/Cas9 is safe and efficient delivery. As viral delivery methods have certain drawbacks, there is an urgent need to develop non-viral delivery systems for therapeutic applications.

The use of CRISPR/Cas9 for nanoscale delivery of phytochemicals opens new avenues in cancer therapy. One of the main obstacles in the clinical application of CRISPR/Cas9 is safe and efficient delivery. As viral delivery methods have certain drawbacks, there is an urgent need to develop non-viral delivery systems for therapeutic applications.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prominent malignancy among men worldwide. PCa cells have a high tendency to metastasize to various distant organs, and this activity is the main cause of PCa mortality. Nimbolide is a promising phytochemical constituent of neem Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae). Previous studies showed that nimbolide exhibited potent anticancer activity however, its role against PCa tumorigenesis has not been fully elucidated.

Our work aims to explore the role of nimbolide in regulating the essential tumor-associated processes involved in the metastatic cascade in PCa cells.

Cytotoxicity assay, wound healing and spheroid invasion assays, western blotting, immunofluorescence, tube-formation assay, in vivo and immunohistochemistry.

The cytotoxicity of nimbolide towards PCa cell lines was assessed by resazurin assays. The cell mobility and migration of nimbolide-treated DU145 cells were determined by wound healing and spheroid invasion assays. Tubulin network was visualized using U2OS cellsg of the B-RAF/p.ERK signaling pathway by nimbolide.

Our results showed that nimbolide inhibited 2D and 3D prostate cancer cells migration and downregulated E-cadherin protein expression, a marker for metastatic chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. Nimbolide stabilized the microtubules, combated angiogenesis and suppressed B.RAF/ERK-mediated in vivo tumor growth. Nimbolide may be considered as potential therapeutic agent for metastatic and advanced PCa patients and merits further investigations.

Our results showed that nimbolide inhibited 2D and 3D prostate cancer cells migration and downregulated E-cadherin protein expression, a marker for metastatic chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. Nimbolide stabilized the microtubules, combated angiogenesis and suppressed B.RAF/ERK-mediated in vivo tumor growth. Nimbolide may be considered as potential therapeutic agent for metastatic and advanced PCa patients and merits further investigations.

The application/abuse of antibiotics can cause antibiotic-induced intestinal injury (AIJ), a typical clinical issue that disturbs intestinal homeostasis. However, the underlying post-transcriptional mechanism of AIJ remains unknown. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is one of the main components of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. and Glycyrrhiza inflata Batalin (Fabaceae), and findings of our previous study showed that GA can maintain intestinal homeostasis post-transcriptionally through the RNA-binding protein human antigen R (HuR).

This study aimed to elucidate the role of HuR in AIJ and the protective effects of GA on AIJ.

Clindamycin hydrochloride was used to clarify the effect of the antibiotic on the intestinal epithelium. Intestinal epithelium cell-6 (IEC-6) and Caco2 cells were used to demonstrate the in vitro effects of the antibiotic and GA on intestinal cells. HuR plasmid and siRNA were used to overexpress or silence HuR in vitro. SD rats were induced by using clindamycin hydrochloride capsules (250mg/kg glands, reduced number of cup cells, and evident inflammatory cell infiltration), all of which were ameliorated after GA treatment (10 and 20μM).

Antibiotics induce intestinal epithelial injury through HuR, and GA can exert a protective effect on AIJ by restoring HuR levels.

Antibiotics induce intestinal epithelial injury through HuR, and GA can exert a protective effect on AIJ by restoring HuR levels.

To explore how individual, relational, and social contexts influence adolescents' sexual awareness and decision-making in rural Nicaragua.

Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with adolescent boys and girls aged 15 to 19years. Thematic analysis identified patterns of meaning applying a socio-ecological approach. A thematic map illustrates how the themes are organized according to the socio-ecological model and suggests their interactions.

Six main themes emerged as (1) Adolescence - a period of life changes, (2) Fears as a pathway to awareness and decision-making, (3) Awareness about protective measures, (4) Relational influences on adolescents' sexual health, (5) Service provision and institutional influences on awareness and decision-making and (6) Sociocultural determinants on adolescent sexual health. Informants of both genders expressed concern in several issues of their sexuality. They identified fear of pregnancy, STIs, and their impact on future goals, family communication, and school-based sexual education as protective factors for their sexual decision-making. Adolescents of both genders are challenging social and cultural norms by developing sexual agency.

These findings imply that personal and societal factors in rural Nicaragua produce a multi-dimensional effect on adolescent sexual self-efficacy. Our study is relevant for a wider discussion about sexual awareness to promote positive development and health outcomes particularly among adolescents' girls and boys living in rural settings.

These findings imply that personal and societal factors in rural Nicaragua produce a multi-dimensional effect on adolescent sexual self-efficacy. Our study is relevant for a wider discussion about sexual awareness to promote positive development and health outcomes particularly among adolescents' girls and boys living in rural settings.

Effective antenatal care is fundamental to the promotion of positive maternal and new-born outcomes. International guidance recommends an initial visit in the first trimester of pregnancy, with a minimum of four antenatal visits in total the optimum schedule being eight antenatal contacts. In low- and middle-income countries, many women do not access antenatal care until later in pregnancy and few have the recommended number of contacts.

To gain understanding of women's antenatal experiences in Tanzania and Zambia, and the factors that influence antenatal engagement.

The study was underpinned by Strauss's grounded theory methodology. Interviews were conducted with 48 women, 16 partners, 21 health care providers and 11 stakeholders, and analysed using constant comparison.

The core category was 'The tipping point of antenatal engagement', supported by four categories awareness of health benefits, experiential motivators, influential support, and environmental challenges. Although participants recognisednt. Further research is required to develop innovative, cost-effective care models that improve health literacy and meet women's needs.Despite preventive efforts, HIV exposure is still a concern for public health. The current prevalence is related to unsafe sex, which is based on socio-cognitive variables. Therefore, information about these variables is required to verify whether the past preventive strategies have been effective and improve the future ones. However, there is not updated information to adjust future preventive interventions. For this reason, this study analyzes trends by gender in Spanish young people over the past two decades in perceived susceptibility to HIV, severity perceived to HIV, condom confidence and the intention of condom use, from 1999 to 2020. For this purpose, 11,665 Spanish young people (from 17 to 40 years old) completed the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire in each year. Following our results, in general, the socio-cognitive variables have revealed an unsatisfactory trend a low perceived susceptibility to HIV and a behavioral intention that have remained stable or even declined slightly over the past years. Particularly, men are more likely to report a riskier level in socio-cognitive variables although, in the latest evaluations, women would decrease condom use intention largely than men.