Lopezpollock3361

the emergence of antibiotic resistance pathogens is an important health risk. Usually Gram negative bacteria acquire resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics by beta-lactamase production. The objectives of this study was to assess the prevalence of ESBL and to detect the frequency of blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genotypes among ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from patients in Khartoum, Sudan.

a total of 171 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were recovered from hospitals in Khartoum, Sudan (2014 -2015) were used to detect ESBL production using disc diffusion method. blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes were investigated by PCR based methods using gene-specific primers.

the high resistance among Enterobacteriaceae was noticed in ciprofloxacin (72%) and ofloxacin (73%). ESBL production was mainly in Escherichia Coli (38%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (34%). Prevalent genotypes were blaTEM (86%), blaCTX-M (78%) and blaSHV (28%). These were found mainly in Escherichia Coli (38%, 37%, 2%) and K. pneumonia (34%, 31%, 26.1%). The majority of ESBL producing isolates possess more than one ESBL genes.

the ESBL production in Enterobacteriaceae was high, with blaTEM and blaCTX-M genotypes more prevalent. Public health and laboratory standard of excellence is needed to reducing the spread of resistant pathogens.

the ESBL production in Enterobacteriaceae was high, with blaTEM and blaCTX-M genotypes more prevalent. Public health and laboratory standard of excellence is needed to reducing the spread of resistant pathogens.At the end of December 2019, they emerged a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), triggering a pandemic of an acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19) in humans. We report the relevant features of the first two confirmed cases of COVID-19 recorded from the 29th April 2020 in the Far North Region of Cameroon. We did a review of the files of these two patients who were admitted to the internal medicine ward of a medical Centre in Maroua Town, Far North Region. We present 2 cases of symptomatic COVID-19 patients, both males and health personnel, with an average age of 53 years, with no recent history of travel to a COVID-19 zone at risk and working in a then COVID-19 free region. They presented with extreme fatigue as their main symptom. Both were treated initially for severe malaria with quinine sulfate infusion with initial relief of symptoms. In the first confirmed case, at his re-hospitalization with an acute respiratory syndrome, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test in search of SARS-CoV-2 was requested with his results available 7 days into admission. For the second case, he had his results 48 hours on admission while he was prepared to be discharged. Both control PCR tests for COVID-19 came back negative 14 days after hospitalization. Health personnel remains a group at risk for the COVID-19 infection. The clinical manifestation at an early stage may be atypical mimicking endemic tropical infections. Also, the therapeutic potential of quinine salts in the relief of symptoms of COVID-19 is questionable and remains a subject to explore in our context.

acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) are a leading killer of children under five worldwide including the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo). We aimed to determine the morbidity and case fatality rate due to ALRI before and after introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PVC13) in DR Congo 2013.

data were collected from medical records of children with a diagnosis of ALRI, aged from 2 to 59 months, treated at four hospitals in the Eastern DR Congo. Two study periods were defined; from 2010 to 2012 (before introduction of PCV13) and from 2014 to 2015 (after PCV13 introduction).

out of 21,478 children admitted to the hospitals during 2010-2015, 2,007 were treated for ALRI. The case fatality rate among these children was 4.9%. Death was significantly and independently associated with malnutrition, severe ALRI, congenital disease and symptoms of fatigue. Among the ALRI hospitalised children severe ALRI decreased from 31% per year to 18% per year after vaccine introduction (p = 0.0002) while the fatality rate remained unchanged between the two study periods. Following introduction of PCV13, 63% of the children diagnosed with ALRI were treated with ampicillin combined with gentamicin while 33% received ceftriaxone and gentamicin.

three years after PCV13 introduction in the Eastern part of the DR Congo, we found a reduced risk of severe ALRI among children below five years. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were frequently used for the treatment of ALRI in the absence of any microbiological diagnostic support.

three years after PCV13 introduction in the Eastern part of the DR Congo, we found a reduced risk of severe ALRI among children below five years. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were frequently used for the treatment of ALRI in the absence of any microbiological diagnostic support.The distribution of deaths by cause provides crucial information for public health planning, response and evaluation. About 60% of deaths globally are not registered or given a cause, limiting our ability to understand disease epidemiology. Verbal autopsy (VA) surveys are increasingly used in such settings to collect information on the signs, symptoms and medical history of people who have recently died. This article develops a novel Bayesian method for estimation of population distributions of deaths by cause using verbal autopsy data. The proposed approach is based on a multivariate probit model where associations among items in questionnaires are flexibly induced by latent factors. Using the Population Health Metrics Research Consortium labeled data that include both VA and medically certified causes of death, we assess performance of the proposed method. Further, we estimate important questionnaire items that are highly associated with causes of death. This framework provides insights that will simplify future data.Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging is widely used for diagnostic imaging in interventional cardiology. The detection and quantification of atherosclerosis from acquired images is typically performed manually by medical experts or by virtual histology IVUS (VH-IVUS) software. VH-IVUS analyzes backscattered radio frequency (RF) signals to provide a color-coded tissue map, and is the method of choice for assessing atherosclerotic plaque in situ. However, a significant amount of tissue cannot be analyzed in reasonable time because the method can be applied just once per cardiac cycle. Furthermore, only hardware and software compatible with RF signal acquisition and processing may be used. We present an image-based tissue characterization method that can be applied to entire acquisition sequences post hoc for the assessment of diseased vessels. The pixel-based method utilizes domain knowledge of arterial pathology and physiology, and leverages technological advances of convolutional neural networks to segment diseased vessel walls into the same tissue classes as virtual histology using only grayscale IVUS images. The method was trained and tested on patches extracted from VH-IVUS images acquired from several patients, and achieved overall accuracy of 93.5% for all segmented tissue. threonin kina inhibitor Imposing physically-relevant spatial constraints driven by domain knowledge was key to achieving such strong performance. This enriched approach offers capabilities akin to VH-IVUS without the constraints of RF signals or limited once-per-cycle analysis, offering superior potential information acquisition speed, reduced hardware and software requirements, and more widespread applicability. Such an approach may well yield promise for future clinical and research applications.The seamless integration of reagents into microfluidic devices can serve to significantly reduce assay complexity and cost for disposable diagnostics. In this work, the integration of multiplexed reagents into thermoplastic 2D microwell arrays is demonstrated using a scalable pin spotting technique. Using a simple and low-cost narrow-bore capillary spotting pin, high resolution deposition of concentrated reagents within the arrays of enclosed nanoliter-scale wells is achieved. The pin spotting method is further employed to encapsulate the deposited reagents with a chemically modified wax layer that serves to prevent disruption of the dried assay components during sample introduction through a shared microchannel, while also enabling temperature-controlled release after sample filling is complete. This approach supports the arbitrary patterning and release of different reagents within individual wells without crosstalk for multiplexed analyses. The performance of the in-well spotting technique is characterized using on-chip rolling circle amplification to evaluate its potential for nucleic acid-based diagnostics.A novel coronavirus, called as SARS-CoV-2, caused multiple typical and atypical respiratory symptoms with several reported abdominal findings. We have described 2 cases of an unusual presentation of Covid-19. For patient 1, a woman aged 59-year-old had pneumonia and new onset abdominal pain. In patient 2, a 60-year-old man admitted with positive polymerase chain reaction test and abdominal pain from 2 weeks ago. Both lung and abdominal computed tomography (CT) were achieved in a few days. Acute ischemic mesenteritis and other abdominal complications were observed in the CT scan. Bowel necrosis in combination with peritonitis founded by laparotomy. Early diagnosis of abdominal complications in Covid-19 pneumonia can improve patient outcomes.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may present with pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations. We present a 41-year-old patient who presented with 1 week of increasing dyspnea and fever and initial chest radiography demonstrated bilateral diffuse infiltrates. Due to the patient's progressively worsening symptoms, he was intubated, paralyzed, sedated. He began proning, 100% fractional inspired oxygenation ventilation, and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Computed tomography of the thorax revealed completely opacified lungs bilaterally with the exception of a small, aerated apicoposterior segment of the left lung. Computed tomography of the head demonstrated several areas of hemorrhage, areas of hypodensity consistent with posterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery territory infarcts, and findings consistent with transtentorial herniation. Given the radiologic findings and nonprogressive clinical status, the family placed the patient on comfort care and the patient died within minutes of extubation. As with our patient at the time of admission, presenting symptoms and clinical laboratory data provide reliable prognostic factors for patients with COVID-19.Laryngeal fractures are generally induced by direct blunt or penetrating trauma to the neck. Coughing vigorously or sneezing forcefully is extremely rare causes of laryngeal fractures, with only 4 cases found after thorough literature search. Herein we present a case of a 34-year-old male presenting to the ENT emergency room with throat pain, odynophagia, dysphagia, and hoarseness. Following primary evaluation, through physical examination and imaging he was diagnosed with thyroid cartilage fracture and treated conservatively. The triad of odynophagia, dysphagia, and dysphonia after a severe episode of coughing or sneezing in a young adult male patient should prompt suspicion of a laryngeal fracture.