Lopezochoa9319

To assess the difference in gross tumor volumes (GTVs) defined by CT (GTV-CT) and by low magnetic field strength (0.345 T) MRI (GTV-MRI) in patients simulated for MRI-guided radiotherapy forlung metastasis.

28 patients (148 lesions) who underwent CT and MRI simulation with the tri-60Co MRI-guided radiotherapy system (MRIdian, ViewRay) were included in this study. GTV-CT and GTV-MRI were compared using the paired

-test. The equivalence of variance between GTV-CT and GTV-MRI of small lesions (GTV-CT <1 ml) and large ones (GTV-CT >= 1 ml) was evaluated using F-test. The correlation between GTV-CT and GTV-MRI was evaluated by the correlation coefficient.

GTV-MRI was 120% larger than GTV-CT (

< 0.001) for small lesions, whereas GTV-MRI was 40% larger than GTV-CT (

< 0.001) for large lesions. In small lesions, the variation in GTV-MRI was significantly larger than that of GTV-CT (

< 0.001). There was no significant difference in the variation of GTV-MRI and GTV-CT in large lesions (

= 0.121). The correlation coefficient for small lesions was 0.93, whereas that for large lesions was 0.99, with large lesions having better correlation.

GTV-MRI was larger than GTV-CT and the correlation between GTV-MRI and GTV-CT was better in large lesions. If the tumor volume is 1 ml or larger, the lesion can be accurately monitored even with a low magnetic field strength MRI.

This study is the first clinical report to evaluate the tolerability of MRI images in 0.345 T MRI-guided radiotherapy for lung metastasis. GTV contoured by MRI was larger than GTV by CT, and this tendency was more pronounced in small tumors of less than 1 ml.

This study is the first clinical report to evaluate the tolerability of MRI images in 0.345 T MRI-guided radiotherapy for lung metastasis. GTV contoured by MRI was larger than GTV by CT, and this tendency was more pronounced in small tumors of less than 1 ml.Inaccurate assessment of surveillance imaging to assess response to glioma therapy may have life-changing consequences. Varied management plans including chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy may all contribute to heterogeneous post-treatment appearances and the overlap between the morphological features of pseudoprogression, pseudoresponse and radiation necrosis can make their discrimination very challenging. Therefore, there has been a drive to develop objective strategies for post-treatment assessment of brain gliomas. This review discusses the most important of these approaches such as the RANO "Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology", iRANO "Immunotherapy Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology" and RAPNO "Response Assessment in Paediatric Neuro-Oncology" models. In addition to these systematic approaches for glioma surveillance, the relatively limited information provided by conventional imaging modalities alone has motivated the development of novel advanced magnetic resonance (MR) and metabolic imaging methods for further discrimination between viable tumour and treatment induced changes. Multiple clinical trials and meta-analyses have investigated the diagnostic performance of these novel techniques in the follow up of brain gliomas, including both single modality descriptive studies and comparative imaging assessment. In this manuscript, we review the literature and discuss the promises and pitfalls of frequently studied modalities in glioma surveillance imaging, including MR perfusion, MR diffusion and MR spectroscopy. In addition, we evaluate other promising MR techniques such as chemical exchange saturation transfer as well as fludeoxyglucose and non-FDG positron emission tomography techniques.

To explore the otoscopy, CT and MRI features of spontaneous temporomandibular joint(TMJ）herniation(STMJH) into the external auditory canal (EAC) through the persistent foramen of Huschke (PFH).

15 cases diagnosed STMJH were collected. The otoscopy, CT data of 15 cases and MRI data of 6 cases were retrospectively reviewed.

Otoscopy revealed a mass located in the anterior wall of the bony EAC that moved forwards and backwards during mouth opening and closing, respectively. CT showed a soft mass with bony defect in the anterior wall of the EAC, with no enhancement; the bony defect margin was well defined in all cases. The bone adjacent to the PFH was pressed and partially wrapped around the soft mass, as if "holding a ball," in seven cases. Pseudobone shell around the soft mass was observed in eight cases. Six cases included MRI scans, which showed TMJ soft tissue herniated into the EAC.

STMJHs have unique otoscopic, CT and MRI features. The examination strategy recommended is dynamic otoscopy and conventional CT, MRI can be chosen when the herniation is complicated by infection or otitis externa or when the patient has TMJ dysfunction; conservative management and follow-up observations are the main treatment strategy recommended.

Mechanical stress of TMJ on the EAC is thought to cause herniation and the special CT features, the location and size of the PFH, especially the location, are the major risk factors for TMJ herniation in patients with FH.

Mechanical stress of TMJ on the EAC is thought to cause herniation and the special CT features, the location and size of the PFH, especially the location, are the major risk factors for TMJ herniation in patients with FH.

With regard to the intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients, this longitudinal study evaluated the radiation-induced changes in the parotid and submandibular glands in terms of gland size, echogenicity and haemodynamic parameters.

21 NPC patients treated by IMRT underwent MRI and ultrasound scans before radiotherapy, and at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after treatment. Parotid and submandibular gland volumes were measured from the MRI images, whereas the parotid echogenicity and haemodynamic parameters including the resistive index, pulsatility index, peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity were evaluated by ultrasonography. Trend lines were plotted to show the pattern of changes. The correlations of gland doses and the post-RT changes were also studied.

The volume of the parotid and submandibular glands demonstrated a significant drop from pre-RT to 6 months post-RT. selleck products changed from hyperechoic before RT to either isoechoic or hypoechoic aftits.

It is the first paper that reports on the longitudinal changes of salivary gland volume, echogenicity and haemodynamic parameters altogether in NPC patients after radiotherapy. The results are useful for the prediction of glandular changes that is associated with xerostomia, which help to provide timely management of the complication when the patients attend follow-up visits.

To compare two methods of assessing gland size on thyroid ultrasound in newborn infants with suspected congenital hypothyroidism (CH).

Images from infants with eutopic glands referred between 2007 and 2013 were evaluated blind by two sets of observers. Subjective gland size was categorised as small, borderline-small, normal, borderline-large and large. Objective gland volume, calculated as the sum of each lobe using the prolate ellipsoid formula (length x width x depth x π/6), was put into corresponding categories <0.8, 0.81-1.0, 1.1- <2.2, 2.2-2.4 and >2.4 ml, derived from normative Scottish data.

Of 36 infants, permanent CH was present in 17, transient CH in 17, status uncertain in 2. #link# Mean (SD) intraobserver error for thyroid volume measurement was 0.11 (0.23) ml [8.3%]. Subjective assessment by two observers was discordant in only four (10.8%) infants. However, subjective

objective evaluation was discordant in 14 (39%). Eight (three permanent, five transient CH) had large glands subjectively but normal glands objectively; and six (four transient CH) had normal glands subjectively but small glands objectively. The former infants all showed a single flattened curve to the anterior thyroid margin, giving an impression of bulkiness. Gland shape was normal in the latter infants.

Neither subjective nor objective evaluation predicts permanent

transient CH. link2 Altered gland shape may confound both methods, and undermine use of the conventional formula for measuring lobe volume.

Until more refined methods are available for assessing thyroid size, both subjective and objective evaluation are recommended in CH.

Until more refined methods are available for assessing thyroid size, both subjective and objective evaluation are recommended in CH.

To assess the response and toxicity of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) in patients with recurrent head and neck cancer (HNC), who had previously received radiation for their primary tumor.

Between 2014 and 2018, patients who received SABR to recurrent HNC within the previously irradiated region were retrospectively reviewed. Mean age was 60 years (range 30-78 Years). Histology was confirmed in all patients. MRI and /or CT-positron emission tomography were done to evaluate local extent and to rule out metastasis. Response was assessed as per RECIST/PERCIST Criteria. Cox proportional hazards regression and the Kaplan-Meier methods were used for statistical analysis.

32 patients received SABR. RPA Class II, III patients were 20 and 12 respectively. 87% patients received a dose of ≥30 Gy/5 fractions. Median follow-up was 12 months. Estimated 1 year and 2 years local control was 64.2 and 32% and 1 year and 2 years overall survival was 67.5 and 39.5% respectively. Acute Grade 2 skin and Grade 3 mucore difficult in previously radiated patient. More than 50% patients are unresectable. Other options of salvage treatment like re-irradiation and chemotherapy are associated with poor response rates and high incidence of acute and late toxicity (Gr ≥3 toxicity 50-70%). SABR is a novel technology to deliver high dose of radiation to recurrent tumor with high precision. It yields high local control rates with less toxicity compared to conventionally fractionated radiation.

Radiology has been espoused as an excellent tool for educating medical students since 1925. Advances in technology and PACS mean it has never been easier to demonstrate living anatomy and clinical pathology in exquisite detail to students. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of radiologic publications related to teaching medical students and its evolution through time.

A literature search was performed from inception to November 2018. The search strategies used both text words and relevant indexing related to "radiology", "medical students" and "curriculum".

3589 records were identified of which 377 were included. There was a 100 fold increase in rate of publication over time-most were expository or surveys (60%), with few truly experimental articles. Radiology was used in clinical teaching (67%) and anatomy (33%). Almost half of radiologic anatomy teaching was conducted without the input of a Radiologist. Compulsory clinical clerkships/blocks in radiology was offered infrequently (35%). Female first authorship had increased in the last decade (47%).

There is a significant increase in articles published on the role of radiology in medical student teaching in the last decade. link3 Research in this area is required in order to investigate the role of radiology in improving the modern medical students' education.

There is a significant increase in articles published on the role of radiology in medical student teaching in the last decade. Research in this area is required in order to investigate the role of radiology in improving the modern medical students' education.