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27 ± 10.76 (range0-44), and the prevalence rate of PTSD was 5.8%. There was no significant association after adjusting between CFS and PTSD, gender, comorbidities, and chloroquine phosphate administration. The obtained data revealed the prevalence of CFS among patients with COVID-19, which is almost similar to CFS prevalence in the general population. Moreover, PTSD in patients with COVID-19 is not associated with the increased risk of CFS. Our study suggested that medical institutions should pay attention to the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak.The association between high proviral load (PVL) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), cognitive disturbance and white matter brain lesions in HTLV-1-infected individuals is still undefined. A cross-sectional study included 62 participants 22 asymptomatic carriers (mean age 43.4 ± 13.1 years old), 22 patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP) (mean age 51.5 ± 8.7 years old), and 18 uninfected controls (mean age 52.3 ± 11.1 years old). All individuals fulfilled the following criteria between 18 and 65 years of age, more than 4 years of formal education, and completed neuropsychological evaluation and HTLV-1 serology. Infected individuals underwent brain conventional magnetic resonance imaging and PVL quantitative PCR (qPCR). Statistical analysis was adjusted in the models by age and education. Cognitive deficit was observed in all groups. Patients with HAM/TSP showed higher neurocognitive deviation in attention and motor skills, higher frequency (84%) of brain white matter lesions, and higher PVL median (range) 8.45 (0.5-71.4) copies/100 PBMC. Brain white matter lesion was associated with verbal memory deficit in HTLV-1-infected individuals (HAM/TSP and asymptomatic carriers) (p = 0.026). In addition, there was a correlation between higher PVL and neurocognitive dysfunction score (processing speed of visuomotor information and visuoconstructive praxis) in HTLV-1-infected patients. The study demonstrates an association between HTLV-1 infection, neurocognitive disorder, and white matter brain lesions on MRI as well as a correlation with higher HTLV-1 PVL, suggesting that the central nervous system involvement by HTLV-1 is not restricted to the spinal cord but involves the whole neuro-axis. HTLV-1-infected individuals should be tested for cognitive impairment.The association of dengue infection (DI) with atypical neurological manifestations was first reported in 1976. DENV-2 and DENV-3 serotypes are mostly related to neurological problems. DI has shown an overall risk of 21 autoimmune diseases, and 4% may develop neuromuscular complications. The pathogenetic mechanisms behind myasthenia gravis (MG) occurring during DI is thought to be linked to the neurotrophic effect of the infection. We report a unique case of DENV-1 infection presenting with bilateral ptosis and dysphagia in a previously healthy adult.As cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mount worldwide, attention is needed on potential long-term neurologic impacts for the majority of patients who experience mild to moderate illness managed as outpatients. To date, there has not been discussion of persistent neurocognitive deficits in patients with milder COVID-19. We present two cases of non-hospitalized patients recovering from COVID-19 with persistent neurocognitive symptoms. 1-Methylnicotinamide chemical structure Commonly used cognitive screens were normal, while more detailed testing revealed working memory and executive functioning deficits. An observational cohort study of individuals recovering from COVID-19 (14 or more days following symptom onset) identified that among the first 100 individuals enrolled, 14 were non-hospitalized patients reporting persistent cognitive issues. These 14 participants had a median age of 39 years (interquartile range 35-56), and cognitive symptoms were present for at least a median of 98 days (interquartile range 71-120 following acute COVID-19 symptoms); no participants with follow-up evaluation reported symptom resolution. We discuss potential mechanisms to be explored in future studies, including direct viral effects, indirect consequences of immune activation, and immune dysregulation causing auto-antibody production.

To report visual impairment and blindness amongthe patients attending a glaucoma clinic in a tertiary university hospital and highlight thepossible risk factors that could be addressed later.

A retrospective analysis of the medical records of the patients attending the glaucoma clinic in Ain Shams University Hospitals over a period of one year was conducted. Visual impairment classification was done according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems(ICD-11) based on the best-corrected visual acuity in the better-seeing eye. Data including diagnosis, history of previous surgery, and duration of glaucoma were extracted and analyzed.

The medical records of the first visit of 118 patients (58 males and 60 females) were included in this study. Secondary glaucoma was the most common type presented (38 patients, 32.2%), followed by primary open-angle glaucoma (35 patients, 29.6%). Sixty-seven patients (56.7%) were considered visually impaired, while seven patients (5.9%) were considered blind. Forty-one patients (34.7%) were considered mono-ocular blind.

There is a high incidence of visual impairment and blindness among glaucoma patients presented to the glaucoma clinic in the tertiary hospital. A further nation-wide study and possibly, an early surveillance program for glaucoma are needed.

There is a high incidence of visual impairment and blindness among glaucoma patients presented to the glaucoma clinic in the tertiary hospital. A further nation-wide study and possibly, an early surveillance program for glaucoma are needed.

Color vision deficiencies are a group of vision disorders, characterized by abnormal color discrimination. They include red-green color blindness, yellow-blue color blindness and achromatopsia, among others. The deficiencies are caused by mutations in the genes coding for various components of retinal cones. Gene therapy is rising as a promising therapeutic modality. The purpose of this review article is to explore the available literature on gene therapy in the different forms of color vision deficiencies.

A thorough literature review was performed on PubMed using the keywords color vision deficiencies, gene therapy, achromatopsia and the various genes responsible for this condition (OPN1LW, OPN1MW, ATF6, CNGA3, CNGB3, GNAT2, PDE6H, and PDE6C).

Various adenovirus vectors have been deployed to test the efficacy of gene therapy for achromatopsia in animals and humans. Gene therapy trials in humans and animals targeting mutations in CNGA3 have been performed, demonstrating an improvement in electroretinogram (ERG)-investigated cone cell functionality.