Listjuhl7452

OBJECTIVE We investigated whether physical exercise interventions improve cognitive functioning in nondementia populations. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of meta-analyses including only randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two reviewers completed a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, PsychInfo, and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials. Study characteristics, effect size data, and heterogeneity estimates were extracted and presented in tabular form. Methodological quality was assessed by 2 reviewers using the AMSTAR-2 checklist. The validity of results was considered based on AMSTAR-2 scores and study characteristics. RESULTS We included 11 meta-analyses 6 focused on disease-free older adults and 5 on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) excluding dementia. These meta-analyses summarized 97 unique RCTs. Methodological quality ranged from critically low to high. For overall cognitive functioning, which was the outcome of 6 meta-analyses, 1 showed improvement due to exercise interventions in disease-free older adults (g = 0.29, P less then .01), while 2 reported nonsignificant effects. In patients with MCI, 3 meta-analyses reported significant benefits of exercise interventions on overall cognitive functioning (g = 0.25-0.57, P less then .01). For cognitive domains such as attention and memory, there was limited evidence of beneficial effects of exercise demonstrated in either disease-free or MCI samples. CONCLUSIONS Exercise may improve overall cognitive functioning in disease-free older adults, but there is too little high-quality evidence to conclude whether this is achieved through improvement in any of the specific cognitive domains assessed. There is clearer evidence that exercise may improve cognitive functioning in MCI, but again there is limited evidence across most cognitive domains.Background Leukocyte-directed biosynthesis of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) orchestrates physiological inflammation after myocardial infarction. Deficiency of SPMs drives pathological and nonresolving inflammation, leading to heart failure (HF). Differences in SPMs and inflammatory responses caused by sex-specific differences are of interest. We differentiated leukocyte-directed biosynthesis of lipid mediators in male and female mice, focusing on leukocyte populations, structural remodeling, functional recovery, and survival rates. Methods and Results Risk-free male and female C57BL/6 mice were selected as naïve controls or subjected to myocardial infarction surgery. Molecular and cellular mechanisms that differentiate survival, heart function, and structure and leukocyte-directed lipid mediators were quantified to describe physiological inflammation after myocardial infarction. Female mice show improved survival in acute HF but no statistical difference during chronic HF compared with male mice. Female mice improved survival is marked with functional recovery and limited remodeling compared with male mice. Male and female mice are similarly responsive to arachidonate lipoxygenase (LOX-5, LOX-12, LOX-15) or cyclooxygenase (COX-1, COX-2) in acute HF and particularly male infarcted heart had overall increased SPMs. Female cardiac healing is marked with the biosynthesis of differential p450-derived product, particularly 11,12 epoxyeicosatrienoic acid in acute HF. A sex-specific difference of dendritic cells in acute HF is distinct, with limited changes in chronic HF. Conclusions Cardiac repair is marked with increased SPM biosynthesis in male mice and amplified epoxyeicosatrienoic acid in female mice. Female mice showed improved survival, functional recovery, and limited remodeling, which are signs of fine-tuned physiological inflammation after myocardial infarction. These results rationalize the sex-specific precise therapies and differential treatments in acute and chronic HF.This study investigated the status and sensitivity of mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore in testis and liver of rats exposed to doses of galactose, an acceptable model used to mimic natural aging. Male albino rats were divided into five groups of eight animals in each group for in vivo studies and administered distilled water, 50,100, 200 and 500 mg galactose/kgbdwt, respectively, for six consecutive weeks. CP-673451 mw Mitochondria were isolated from liver and testis by differential centrifugation. Mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) was assessed as mitochondrial swelling and was monitored spectrophotometrically. Mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, ATPase activity, antioxidant enzymes, caspase activation, interleukins, and sperm functional characteristics were also assessed. Administration of galactose (50-500 mg/kg) to male Wistar albino rats had no effect whatsoever on the testicular mPT pore. However, liver mPT pore was significantly opened. Furthermore, the enhancement of mitochondrial ATPase actiitochondrial permeability transition in liver of galactose-exposed rats is consistent with malondialdehyde production, alteration in antioxidant levels, enhanced ATPase activity, caspases-9 and 3 activation, immune dysfunction, and DNA fragmentation.The study of biochemical basis of reduced sensitivity of testis to permeability transition under conditions which the liver is extremely susceptible may become useful in age associated-neurodegenerative diseases where apoptosis is upregulated and has to be properly managed to achieve downregulation.Purpose To study the changes of the visual function and ocular and systemic symptoms following blepharoptosis surgery.Methods Seventy-eight involutional blepharoptosis patients (72.1 ± 6.4 years) underwent levator advancement procedure. Before and at 2 months after the surgery, OPD-Scan III (Nidek) was used to measure corneal astigmatism, total higher order aberrations (HOAs), and area ratio (AR), an index of the objective contrast sensitivity. FVA-100 (Nidek) was used to determine the functional visual acuity (FVA) and visual maintenance ratio (VMR). The ocular and systemic symptoms were also determined by a questionnaire using visual analogue scale (VAS) scores.Results Before surgery, the corneal astigmatism, HOAs, AR, FVA, and VMR were 1.56 ± 0.52 diopters (D), 0.23 ± 0.24 µm, 14.8 ± 4.2%, 0.68 ± 0.32 logMAR units and 0.76 ± 0.06, respectively. After surgery, these values were 1.29 ± 0.41 D, 0.19 ± 0.21 µm, 18.6 ± 3.4%, 0.31 ± 0.18 logMAR units and 0.88 ± 0.03, respectively. Corneal astigmatism and HOAs were significantly reduced after surgery (P=0.