Listguthrie2847
Changes in nutrient uptake transporter gene expression in the small intestine suggest increased glucose resorption after daytime snacking. Our results indicate an early mechanism for the adipogenic effect of mistimed high-calorie snacking.Soy is a hotly debated and widely discussed topic in the field of nutrition. However, health practitioners may be ill-equipped to counsel clients and patients about the use of soyfoods because of the enormous, and often contradictory, amount of research that has been published over the past 30 years. As interest in plant-based diets increases, there will be increased pressure for practitioners to gain a working knowledge of this area. The purpose of this review is to provide concise literature summaries (400-500 words) along with a short perspective on the current state of knowledge of a wide range of topics related to soy, from the cholesterol-lowering effects of soy protein to the impact of isoflavones on breast cancer risk. In addition to the literature summaries, general background information on soyfoods, soy protein, and isoflavones is provided. This analysis can serve as a tool for health professionals to be used when discussing soyfoods with their clients and patients.Erythrocyte fragility is amplified by oxidative stress and linked to diabetes-specific microvascular disease. Vitamin C supplementation improves glycemic indices in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by improving antioxidant status. This cross-sectional study examined the relationships between vitamin C status and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in adults with or without T2D. Participants provided a fasting blood sample for erythrocyte osmotic fragility testing as a function of hypotonic NaCl concentrations. Additionally, plasma was stabilized with metaphosphoric acid prior to vitamin C analysis using isocratic reverse-phase UV-HPLC separation. Participants were grouped as diagnosed T2D (n = 14; 36% female; 55.5 ± 8.2 y; 31.5 ± 9.0 kg/m2; HbA1c 7.4 ± 1.9%; plasma vitamin C 36.0 ± 12.2 μM) or no diabetes (n = 16; 69% female; 38.7 ± 13.5 y; 26.8 ± 6.6 kg/m2; HbA1c 5.4 ± 0.3%; plasma vitamin C 34.8 ± 10.9 μM). Participant characteristics differed between groups only for age and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; p 7%) HbA1c values (p = 0.037) indicating a slightly higher erythrocyte fragility in the former group. Vitamin C status did not impact any of the hemolysis parameters in adults with or without T2D. Thus, erythrocyte fragility was not elevated in T2D, and vitamin C nutriture was not related to erythrocyte fragility in adults with well-controlled T2D.
The microbiota plays a vital role in the two-way communication between the gastrointestinal tract and numerous neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Besides, the microbiota modulation through the use of psychobiotics (prebiotics and probiotics with nutraceutical action) is related to the improvement of the physical and psychopathological health. The objective to this study was to test the efficacy of prebiotic/probiotic dietary modulation in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, attending to the nutritional and cardio-metabolic impact.
Two-arms, double-blind, randomized in balanced blocks clinical trial of 6 months of intervention, will be developed in a group of 50 individuals. The control group will receive conventional dietary advice individually from specialized mental health nurses. In the intervention group, an individual dietetic-nutritional education program with high prebiotic and probiotic content (dairy and fermented foods, green leafy vegetables, high-fiber fruit, whole grains, etc.) will be developed by these nurses. Data will be collected on the psychopathological state, and blood test (at the beginning, at 3 and 6 months). The estimation of intestinal microbiota and the usual nutritional pattern will also be assessed at the beginning and 6 months, using a stool test. To evaluate the degree of adherence, the intervention group will fill a specific weekly record of the main dishes/food consumed. Anthropometric parameters will also be analyzed monthly.
The study is anticipated to establish feasibility an adequate dietary modulation with a high simbiotic content, leads to a significant improvement in the nutritional status and cardio-metabolic. VE-821 Furthermore, it is presumed to reach a degree of evidence that allows establishing nutritional management as an effective therapeutic intervention in the psychopathological treatment of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04366401].
[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04366401].
To examine the relationship of C1 metabolites of the methionine cycle with the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) in the Chinese population.
A total of 2,991 participants aged 45-75 years old were included for data analyses based on the baseline data of the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Cohort. Three core serum methionine metabolites including serum S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and homocysteine (Hcy) were measured by UPLC-MS/MS. SA was determined by B-mode ultrasound measured carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) at the common artery and bifurcation segments. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were performed to estimate the associations of C1 metabolites of the methionine cycle with SA risk or CIMT.
After controlling for potential cofounders and other C1 metabolites, in comparison with the lowest quartile, participants in the highest quartile had lower risk of SA by 27.6% (OR = 0.724; 95% CI0.563-0.93,
= 0.007) for SAM and 32.2% (OR = 0.678; 95% CI0.538-0.855,
< 0.001) for SAM/SAH, while increased SA risk by 27.9% (OR = 1.279; 95% CI 1.065-1.535,
< 0.001) for SAH. No significant association was observed for Hcy with SA after further adjustment of SAH and SAM. The results of multivariable linear regression showed similar findings. The highest two standardized coefficients were observed for SAH (β = 0.104 for CCA and 0.121 for BIF,
<
.001) and SAM/SAH (β = -0.071 for CCA and -0.084 for BIF,
<
.001). Subgroup analyses suggested more evident associations of SAH with SA were observed in participants of higher cardiovascular risk profiles.
Our cross-sectional data showed higher serum SAH, but lower SAM/SAH were independently associated with increased risk of SA among the Chinese middle-aged and elderly population.
Our cross-sectional data showed higher serum SAH, but lower SAM/SAH were independently associated with increased risk of SA among the Chinese middle-aged and elderly population.The aim of this study was to identify a probiotic-based strategy for maintaining muscle anabolism in the elderly. In previous research, we found that individuals experiencing short bowel syndrome (SBS) after an intestinal resection displayed beneficial metabolic adjustments that were mediated by their gut microbes. Thus, these bacteria could potentially be used to elicit similar positive effects in elderly people, who often have low food intake and thus develop sarcopenia. Gut bacterial strains from an SBS patient were evaluated for their ability to (1) maintain Caenorhabditis elegans survival and muscle structure and (2) promote protein anabolism in a model of frail rodents (18-month-old rats on a food-restricted diet 75% of ad libitum consumption). We screened a first set of bacteria in C. elegans and selected two Lacticaseibacillus casei strains (62 and 63) for further testing in the rat model. We had four experimental groups control rats on an ad libitum diet (AL); non-supplemented rats on the food-restricted diet (R); and two sets of food-restricted rats that received a daily supplement of one of the strains (∼109 CFU; R+62 and R+63). We measured lean mass, protein metabolism, insulin resistance, cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and SCFA receptor expression in the gut. Food restriction led to decreased muscle mass [-10% vs. AL (p 0.1) but lower in the R group (p less then 0.05). We hypothesize that greater SCFA receptor sensitivity in the R+63 group promoted gut-muscle cross talk [GPR41 +40% and GPR43 +47% vs. R (p less then 0.05)]. Hence, strain 63 could be used in association with other nutritional strategies and exercise regimes to limit sarcopenia in frail elderly people.Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) commonly leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term metabolic complications in offspring. Breastfeeding has been shown to rewrite the fetal "metabolic programming" resulting from maternal diabetes and finally lead to a lower risk of future metabolic disease. Lipids in breast milk act like hormones to promote infant growth and development, but there is minimal information invested thus far in constitution changes of lipids in breast milk, especially in the context of GDM. In the present study, we performed a lipidomics analysis to compare the lipid composition in breast milk collected from women with or without GDM. We further revealed the correlations of dysregulated lipids in breast milk with maternal glucose and infant physical development. A total of 833 lipid species from 15 classes were identified, 60 of which were found to be significantly altered in response to the high glucose, suggesting a remarkable lipid profiling change in breast milk induced by GDM. Our results showed significant associations between dysregulated lipids (e.g., neutral lipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids) and maternal glucose. Furthermore, correction analysis demonstrated that GDM related lipids were also associated with indicators of infant physical development, including body weight, length, and head circumference. These findings may help to understand the protective effects of breastfeeding especially during GDM pregnancy.In the present work, effects of reaction temperature, reactant concentration, catalyst loading, and rotation speed on the kinetics of sesamin conversion in a sesame oil system were studied by using citric acid loading on Hβ zeolite (CA/Hβ) as a catalyst. A kinetic model was built for sesamin conversion. The kinetic model fits correctly the experimental concentration of sesamin and asarinin ( R S e s a m i n 2 = 0.93 and R A s a r i n i n 2 = 0.97). The sesamin conversion is an endothermic reaction (△H rIso = 3 4.578kJ/mol). The CA/Hβ catalyst could be easily regenerated by calcination, and there was no obvious loss of catalytic activity when reused. Knowledge of the sesamin conversion is of great significance for guiding production and improving the value and nutrition of sesame oil. In a word, this study lays the foundation for the scale-up of the production of asarinin from sesame oil using CA/Hβ as the catalyst.The present study aimed to explore the effect of carnitine supplementation on body weight in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and predict an appropriate dosage schedule using a machine-learning approach. Data were obtained from literature mining and the rates of body weight change from the initial values were selected as the therapeutic index. The maximal effect (Emax) model was built up as the machine-learning model. A total of 242 patients with PCOS were included for analysis. In the machine-learning model, the Emax of carnitine supplementation on body weight was -3.92%, the ET50 was 3.6 weeks, and the treatment times to realize 25%, 50%, 75%, and 80% (plateau) Emax of carnitine supplementation on body weight were 1.2, 3.6, 10.8, and 14.4 weeks, respectively. In addition, no significant relationship of dose-response was found in the dosage range of carnitine supplementation used in the present study, indicating the lower limit of carnitine supplementation dosage, 250 mg/day, could be used as a suitable dosage.
