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This study suggests that quantitative measurements of postural tremor should be considered as tremor directionality as well as attachment location.BACKGROUND Biomedical engineers in particular require fast and powerful data processing systems to process computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans and other medical imaging technologies. However, current computer data processing technologies are unable to satisfy such requirements. A promising approach to addressing these limitations is processing in memory (PIM). Unfortunately, several issues, such as the compatibility and interconnection of PIM with legacy systems, still remain. OBJECTIVE This paper proposes a standard memory bus-based PIM interface for medical image processing and a PIM platform. The proposed PIM interface can overcome problems of compatibility with legacy systems. METHODS We will adapt an embedded system based on a commercial application processor (AP) to a medical image system to verify the functions and the performance of the proposed PIM interface. Using the PIM platform, we apply the proposed PIM interface and the AP to execute an image-processing program, measure the image processing times, and compare the results of the measurements. RESULTS Experimental results show that while the functions of the proposed PIM interface are normal, the processing time of PIM is more than 81% faster than that of the AP. CONCLUSION The experimental results prove that the proposed PIM interface is able to solve problems of compatibility with legacy systems. We foresee that not only the medical image processing field but also a number of academic fields and professional sectors will use PIM in their data-intensive applications.BACKGROUND With the improvement in the standard of living, there has been increasing interest in facial skin care. In particular, it has been observed that people pay extra attention to eye-skin when they visit skin care parlors for special treatment and care. OBJECTIVE There is a need for skin care devices that would enable convenient skin care anywhere, including at home and on the move. In this research, we developed a prototype of a glasses-type skin care device with a LED (Light-Emitting Diode) irradiation function and performed injection molding analysis of the skin care device model for mass production. selleck compound METHPDS First, the product was designed using a universal design to improve the wearability of the glasses-type skin care device. The first prototype of the skin care device was produced using an integrated LED optical module capable of irradiating at three LED wavelengths to investigate the structural function of the product. The prototype was classified into three mechanisms and injection molding analysis was performed. The fill time, temperature at flow front, injection pressure, clamp force, and deflection values were analyzed according to the appropriate number and location of gates into which the PC + PBT (Polycarbonate + Polybutylene terephthalate) resin was introduced. RESULTS We found that all the other parts except the temple section of the device were inferior in moldability. CONCLUSION In further studies, the 3D prototype will be modified to enhance moldability, and injection molding analysis with other materials as well as with PC + PBT resin will be performed.BACKGROUND Coronary artery image segmentation is an important auxiliary method for coronary artery disease diagnosis. OBJECTIVE The classical region growing algorithms, which only consider the intensity of pixels, are noise-sensitive and require manual interaction. To this end, recent methods simultaneously consider the intensity of pixels and multi-scale analysis with the region growing. Nevertheless, these methods are not fully optimized and they suffer from the drawbacks of over- or under-segmentation in many cases. METHODS In this paper, we propose a region growing based coronary artery segmentation method. Different from the existing methods, the variable sector search area is considered in the region growing technique. A growing rule is proposed to segment the vessel, which combines the Hessian vector and the region growing with the variable sector search area. To further improve the quality of segmentation, we propose an optimization of removing some small disconnected regions. RESULTS Our proposed method can search more branches while segmenting the vessel, even the small ones. It keeps an acceptable performance when dealing with stenosis and large curvature of blood vessels. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative evaluations are conducted on coronary angiography and the results show that the proposed method achieves a higher DSC ratio and a more reliable sensitivity ratio.BACKGROUND Biped robot locomotion is an active topic of research, and the walking stability is one of the research objectives. OBJECTIVE This paper discusses the variable stiffness ankle joint and the walking control of a biped robot. METHODS A design is introduced that achieves the ankle joint variable stiffness by using a pneumatic unit. The actuation system of the biped robot is based on the hybrid use of electric and pneumatic. The locomotion control architecture has been proposed to exploit natural leg dynamics in order to improve the biped robot walking stability. We also present a dynamic simulation which matches the biped robot and experiments with the real biped robot. RESULTS The simulation and experiments result that introducing the variable stiffness ankle joint and the controller achieve a significant improvement in foot-ground impact and walking stability of the biped robot. CONCLUSION The biped robot with variable stiffness ankle joints has a better walking performance under the control method.BACKGROUND Accurate detection of the intended movement direction of a patient plays an important role in the development of a training system for gait rehabilitation and enables to increase the effect of gait rehabilitation training. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the detection of the intended movement of a user to operate a ceiling-rail-based rehabilitative training system with accurate timing. METHODS To detect the movement direction intention of a user, two potentiometers were used to measure the movement direction in the anterior, posterior, and left and right directions of the user when operating the driving motor of the rehabilitative training system. A simple test mock-up with two potentiometers was fabricated, and the experiments were conducted to determine the effect of the direction of movement on the measured values of potentiometers. A direction measurement algorithm was developed to control the driving motor of the rail-based gait rehabilitative training system. RESULTS The intended movement direction of the user could be predicted for eight directions by combining the "positive value, 0, negative value" of each measured value of the two potentiometers.