Lindsayhowell9450

We assessed the diagnostic value of FDG PET/CT in a real-world cohort of patients with surgically managed infective endocarditis (IE).

We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients hospitalized in a tertiary IE referral medical center from January 2014 to October 2018 fulfilling the following criteria ICD-10 code for IE and OPS code for both, heart surgery and FDG PET/CT.

Final analysis included 29 patients, whereof 28 patients had surgically proven IE. FDG PET/CT scan was true-positive in 15 patients (sensitivity (SEN) 56%) and false-negative in 12 patients. Combination of Duke criteria (DC) with FDG PET/CT scan resulted in gain of SEN for all patients with confirmed IE (SEN of DC 79% vs SEN of combination DC and FDG PET/CT 89%), driven by a relevant gain in PVE patients only (SEN of DC 78% vs SEN of combination DC and FDG PET/CT 94%). Interestingly, higher prosthesis age was observed in patients with false-negative scans.

We found a SEN of 56% for FDG PET/CT in a real-world cohort of patients with surgically proven IE which was associated with a 16% gain of IE diagnosis in patients with PVE when combined with DC.

We found a SEN of 56% for FDG PET/CT in a real-world cohort of patients with surgically proven IE which was associated with a 16% gain of IE diagnosis in patients with PVE when combined with DC.The buying and selling of sex is a topic of frequent discussion and a relevant public health issue. Studies of sex workers are available, while studies addressing the demand side of sex are scarce, especially based on robust population data. The current study provides national estimates of the prevalence of and factors associated with having paid for sex among men in Sweden. We used a randomized population-based survey on sexual and reproductive health and rights among ages 16-84 years, linked to nationwide registers. The sample consisted of 6048 men. With a logistic regression, we analyzed what sex life factors were associated with ever having paid for or given other types of compensation for sex. A total of 9.5% of male respondents reported ever having paid for sex. An increased probability of having paid for sex was identified in men who were dissatisfied with their sex life (aOR 1.72; 95% CI 1.34-2.22), men reporting having had less sex than they would have liked to (aOR 2.78; 95% CI 2.12-3.66), men who had ever looked for or met sex partners online (aOR 5.07; 95% CI 3.97-6.46), as well as frequent pornography users (aOR 3.02; 95% CI 2.28-3.98) Associations remained statistically significant after adjustment for age, income, and educational attainment. Sex life characteristics such as poor sex life satisfaction, high online sex activity, and frequent pornography use are strongly associated with sex purchase. These findings can help guide and support counselling and prevention activities targeting sex buyers.

Dementia, depression, and delirium alone or in combination (3Ds) can threaten independence among older adults, and polypharmacy may further accelerate decline. Clinical pharmacists can play an important role on multidisciplinary home-based care teams by identifying medication therapy problems (MTPs) involving cognition. Within a larger ongoing clinical trial, this paper describes cognition-related MTPs and pharmacist recommendations among older adults with 3Ds followed by a home-based care team.

We conducted a retrospective analysis of medication data among Medicare Advantage members aged ≥65 years living at home in Connecticut with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision codes related to 3Ds; analyses include the first 105 subjects randomized to thehome-based care team from March 2017 to January 2019. Advanced practice registered nurses conducted in-home medication reconciliations along with medical and cognitive assessments. Clinical pharmacists thand anticholinergics frequently implicated. Recommendations commonly included medication reduction (discontinuation 23% and dose reduction 19%). We found MTPs involving cognition among most (79%) patients.

Our study findings support the role of pharmacists on multidisciplinary teams to identify cognitively harmful medications, dementia treatment side effects, and untreated cognitive conditions.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02945085.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02945085.

The recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) for the management of children aged < 5 years with chest indrawing pneumonia with oral amoxicillin dispersible tablets (DT) at the outpatient health facilities is imperative, especially in a high pneumonia mortality and low-resource setting like Nigeria. However, this recommendation has not been widely adopted in Nigeria due to poor access to healthcare and sub-optimal outpatient management and follow-up system to ensure patients' safety and management effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the cost effectiveness and the cost benefit of the WHO recommendation relative to usual practices in Nigeria. The outcome of this study will provide supporting evidence to healthcare providers and inform their management decisions.

A cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses of this study used a Markov cohort model from the healthcare provider perspective for a time horizon of five years. Three approaches were compared a conventional approach (base-coved. Its use in chest indrawing pneumonia management needs to be scaled up.

Evidence-based clinical data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pharmacotherapies are scarce.

This study documented and characterized COVID-19 cases reported in individuals receiving treatment with Pfizer pharmaceutical products and cases that reported use of Pfizer pharmaceutical products for COVID-19 treatment.

This retrospective observational review leveraged the Pfizer safety database containing adverse event data collected in association with use of Pfizer products between 1 October, 2019, and 25 June, 2020; the database includes worldwide adverse event data from various sources. Selected Medical Dictionary for Drug Regulatory Activities (MedDRA

) Preferred Terms and subsequent clinical review were used to characterize COVID-19 cases.

Over 1500 relevant cases were identified over an 8-month period. In cases that reported COVID-19, immunosuppressant/immunomodulating agents, followed by anticoagulant/antithrombic agents and corticosteroids, were the most frequently reported agents. The frequening cardiac-related events, 19% (120/645) of azithromycin cases reported events associated with QT prolongation/torsade de pointes (which included seven fatal cardiac events). The most frequently reported clinical adverse events associated with other commonly used agents are also presented.

This pharmacovigilance surveillance study provides a unique characterization of cases in which a broad range of pharmaceutical products was reported in relation to COVID-19.

This pharmacovigilance surveillance study provides a unique characterization of cases in which a broad range of pharmaceutical products was reported in relation to COVID-19.

Antidepressant use during the first trimester is reported in 4-8% of pregnancies. The use of some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during the first trimester has been identified as increasing the odds for congenital heart defects; however, little is known about the safety of non-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants.

The objective of this study was to assess the odds of congenital heart defects associated with the use of antidepressants during the first trimester of pregnancy, and to update the literature as newer studies have been published since the latest systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

PubMed and Embase were searched till 3 June, 2020. Study quality was assessed, and study details were extracted. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4, which assessed (1) any antidepressant usage; (2) classes of antidepressants; and (3) individual antidepressants.

Twenty studies were identified, encompassing 5,337,223 pregnancies. The odds ratio for maternal use of anyyclic antidepressants. However, this risk for individual antidepressants within each class varies, and information regarding some antidepressants is still lacking.

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor classes of antidepressants pose a greater risk for causing congenital heart defects than the tricyclic antidepressants. However, this risk for individual antidepressants within each class varies, and information regarding some antidepressants is still lacking.

Machine learning offers an alluring solution to developing automated approaches to the increasing individual case safety report burden being placed upon pharmacovigilance. Leveraging crowdsourcing to annotate unstructured data may provide accurate, efficient, and contemporaneous training data sets in support of machine learning.

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether crowdsourcing can be used to accurately and efficiently develop training data sets in support of pharmacovigilance automation.

Pharmacovigilance experts created a reference dataset by reviewing 15,490 de-identified social media posts of narratives pertaining to 15 drugs and 22 medically relevant topics. A random sampling of posts from the reference dataset was published on Amazon Turk and its users (Turkers) were asked a series of questions about those same medical concepts. Accuracy, price elasticity, and time efficiency were evaluated.

Accuracy of crowdsourced curation exceeded 90% when compared to the reference dataset and was completed in about 5% of the time. There was an increase in time efficiency with higher pay, but there was no significant difference in accuracy. Additionally, having a social media post reviewed by more than one Turker (using a voting system) did not offer significant improvements in terms of accuracy.

Crowdsourcing is an accurate and efficient method that can be used to develop training data sets in support of pharmacovigilance automation. More research is needed to better understand the breadth and depth of possible uses as well as strengths, limitations, and generalizability of results.

Crowdsourcing is an accurate and efficient method that can be used to develop training data sets in support of pharmacovigilance automation. Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium clinical trial More research is needed to better understand the breadth and depth of possible uses as well as strengths, limitations, and generalizability of results.

The impact of midazolam on the overall performance of morphine therapy for pain in ventilated neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has never been investigated.

This study is a clinical and economic analysis of morphine monotherapy versus morphine plus midazolam in ventilated infants with RDS.

A decision-analytic model from the hospital perspective was developed to follow the consequences of the use of the study drugs. Clinical and resource utilization data were extracted based on a retrospective cohort study of 104 neonates with RDS receiving morphine alone versus in combination with midazolam at the main neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Qatar, from 2014 to 2019. Primary outcome measures were the analgesia success rate, via the Premature Infant Pain Profile scale, and overall costs of therapies. Multivariate statistical analyses confirmed no significant variations in baseline characteristics between study groups.

With 0.05 significance and 80% power, morphine had a higher rate of successful analgesia (65.