Lindholmmerrill1905

Valve disease progression in rheumatic heart disease(RHD) is generally attributed to recurrent attacks of acute rheumatic fever(ARF). However, persistence of chronic sub-clinical inflammation remains a plausible but unproven cause. Non-invasive means to identify sub-clinical inflammation may facilitate research efforts towards understanding its contribution to disease progression.

Patients with chronic RHD, without clinical evidence of ARF, undergoing elective valve surgery were enrolled. Sub-clinical inflammation was ascertained by histological evaluation of left atrial appendage and valve tissue excised during surgery. We assessed the diagnostic utility of Gallium-67 scintigraphy imaging, and inflammatory biomarkers, hsCRP, IL-2, IL-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha(TNF-α), Interferon-gamma(IFN-γ), and Serum Amyloid A(SAA), in identifying patients with sub-clinical inflammation.

Of the 93 RHD patients enrolled(mean age 34±11 years, 45% females), 86 were included in final analysis. Sub-clinical inflammatirity, but aren't discriminatory enough to identify the presence of histologic inflammation.

The direct correlation between Echocardiographic non-coronary calcium score (ECS) and lesion severity on invasive coronary angiography (ICA) is not reported. The aim of the present study was to find the correlation between ECS and Gensini score.

One hundred seventy patients aged ≥18 years posted for clinically indicated ICA were included. All the patients underwent standard transthoracic echocardiography. ECS and Gensisni scores were calculated. The primary outcome measure was to find a correlation of ECS with Gensini score, whereas the secondary outcome measure was to correlate ECS with traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease. The Chi-square/Fisher exact test was used to compare qualitative variables. Spearman's correlation analysis was used for assessing the correlation between ECS score and the Gensini score. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to detect the cut-off value of the ECS score.

The correlation of total ECS with Gensini score was positive and statistically significant (r=0.550, p-value<0.0001). As ECS increased, the Gensini score increased. ECS value of >1 detected CAD with 56.5% sensitivity, 79.5% specificity. Eight-nine percent of patients who had ECS >1, had Gensini score ≥18, whereas 44.3% of patients who had ECS ≤1, had Gensini score ≥18. The patients with ECS >1 had significantly higher Gensini scores than the patients with ECS ≤1.

The correlation of total ECS with Gensini score was positive and statistically significant.

The correlation of total ECS with Gensini score was positive and statistically significant.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) increases worldwide, and indications expand from high-risk aortic stenosis patients to low-risk aortic stenosis. Studies have shown that minimalistic TAVR done under conscious sedation is safe and effective. We report single-operator, the single-center outcome of 105 minimalist transfemoral, conscious sedation TAVR patients, analyzed retrospectively.

All patients underwent TAVR in cardiac catheterization lab via percutaneous transfemoral, conscious sedation approach. A dedicated cardiac anesthetist team delivered the conscious sedation with a standard protocol described in the main text. The outcomes were analyzed as per VARC-2 criteria and compared with the latest low-risk TAVR trials.

A total of 105 patients underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement between July 2016 to February 2020. The mean age of the population was 73 years, and the mean STS score was 3.99±2.59. All patients underwent a percutaneous transfemoral approach. Self-expanding valve was used in 40% of cases and balloon-expandable valve in 60% (Sapien3™ in 31% and MyVal™ in 29%) of cases. One patient required conversion to surgical aortic valve replacement. The success rate was 99 percent. The outcomes were all-cause mortality 0.9%, stroke rate 1.9%, New pacemaker rate 5.7%, 87.6% had no paravalvular leak. The mild and moderate paravalvular leak was seen in 2.8% and 1.9%, respectively. The mean gradient decreased from 47.5mmHg to 9mmHg. The average ICU stay was 26.4h, and the average hospital stay was 5.4 days. Our outcomes are comparable with the latest published low-risk trial.

Minimalist, conscious sedation, transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement when done following a standard protocol is safe and effective.

Minimalist, conscious sedation, transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement when done following a standard protocol is safe and effective.

To study the epidemiological and clinical profile, angiographic patterns, reasons for the delay in presentation, management, and outcomes of the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in young patients (≤40yrs) presenting to a tertiary care hospital in North India.

We included a total of 182 patients aged ≤40 years and presenting with ACS to the cardiology critical care unit of our department from January 2018 to July 2019.

The mean age of the study population was 35.5 ± 4.7years. 96.2% were males. Risk factors prevalent were smoking (56%), hypertension (29.7%), family history of premature coronary artery disease (18.2%), and diabetes (15.9%). The median time to first medical contact and revascularization was 300 (10-43200) minutes and 2880 (75-68400) minutes, respectively. ST-elevation ACS (STE-ACS) accounted for 82% and Non-ST-elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS) accounted for 18% of cases. Thrombolysis was done in 51.7% of the cases. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk2141795.html Coronary angiography was done in 91.7% and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in 52.2% (95/182) of the total cases. Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) was done in 2 patients (1.1%). Among those who underwent coronary angiography, single-vessel disease (SVD) was seen in 53% of the cases. There were no deaths in hospital, and only one patient died during the 30 days follow up.

STE-ACS was the most common presentation of ACS in the young population. Smoking was the most common risk factor. The majority of the patients had single-vessel disease, and there was a significant delay in first medical contact and revascularization.

STE-ACS was the most common presentation of ACS in the young population. Smoking was the most common risk factor. The majority of the patients had single-vessel disease, and there was a significant delay in first medical contact and revascularization.

Coronary artery anomalies are rare congenital abnormalities, most often found incidentally on conventional coronary angiography and CT angiography (CTA). CTA better delineates the origin and course of anomalous coronaries. Anomalous origin of coronary artery from the opposite aortic sinus of Valsalva (ACAOS) has a prevalence of 1% with a very few having an interarterial (malignant) course. There is limited literature, especially in the Indian population, dealing with this topic.

In this retrospective observational study, angiographic data of 8500 consecutive patients from June 2011 to December 2019at a large tertiary care hospital in western India was analyzed. Patients diagnosed with ACAOS underwent CTA for delineation of the exact anatomy. Those with a non-malignant course with evidence of ischemia clinically or on stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), underwent PCI. Others with a non-malignant course were medically managed. Patients with malignant (interarterial) course were revascularized by coroy and if interarterial course is excluded, then PCI is feasible in selected cases with significant stenosis. Patients with malignant course with inducible ischemia or LCA involvement should undergo surgical revascularisation.

ACAOS is a rare anomaly and if interarterial course is excluded, then PCI is feasible in selected cases with significant stenosis. Patients with malignant course with inducible ischemia or LCA involvement should undergo surgical revascularisation.

To study the use of CYP2C19 genotyping to guide P2Y

inhibitor selection to maximize efficacy, and attenuate risk in appropriate patients who underwent PCI for CAD.

We performed a retrospective analysis of 868 patients with CAD who received CYP2C19 genotyping after PCI and changed P2Y

inhibitor based on the results. Patients were divided into two groups based on clopidogrel metabolizer status. Group I Intermediate (IM) and poor metabolizers (PM). Group II Ultra-rapid (UM), rapid (RM) and normal metabolizers (NM). Each group was then categorized to one of two treatment arms guided by CYP2C19 genotype. Category 1 IM/PM started on clopidogrel, switched to ticagrelor or prasugrel; 2IM/PM started on ticagrelor/prasugrel, continued these medications; 3 UM/RM/NM started on ticagrelor/prasugrel, switched to clopidogrel; 4 UM/RM/NM started on clopidogrel, continued clopidogrel. Death due to cardiac causes, bleeding events, non-fatal MI, target vessel revascularization (TVR), and MACE in all four categories were considered at 1, 6 and 12 months.

We did not observe significant difference between phenotypes for MACE at 1 (p=0.274), 6 (p=0.387), and 12 months (p=0.083). Death due to cardiac causes, MI, and bleeding events were not significant at 1, 6, and 12 months. There was no significant difference in TVR at 6 (p=0.491), and 12 months (p=0.423) except at 1 month (p=0.012).

CYP2C19 genotype-based intervention can be implemented effectively and reliably to guide selection of P2Y

inhibitor to optimize patient quality and safety when appropriate in post PCI patients.

CYP2C19 genotype-based intervention can be implemented effectively and reliably to guide selection of P2Y12 inhibitor to optimize patient quality and safety when appropriate in post PCI patients.

To investigate the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor and different dosages of clopidogrel after acute coronary syndrome.

We compared different antiplatelet strategies for the prevention of cardiovascular events in 1939 patients admitted to the hospital with an acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

At 24 months, a survival analysis showed that ticagrelor and double-dose clopidogrel decreased the incidence of MACCE (a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization and stroke) (p<0.001, p=0.012, respectively). Although double-dose clopidogrel obviously increased the risk of major bleeding (p<0.001), a similar result was not observed in the ticagrelor group (p=0.398). These two stronger antiplatelet strategies also decreased the incidence of myocardial infarction (p=0.004 and 0.045, respectively). The advantages of ticagrelor are also evident in the endpoints of all cause death and target vessel revascularization. The NACCE (a composite of all-cause death, MI, stroke and major bleeding) rate was also reduced in the ticagrelor group (p=0.004).

In PCI patients with a high ischemic and bleeding risk, the ticagrelor antiplatelet strategy significantly reduced the MACCE rate without increasing the risk of major bleeding. A decreased MACCE rate was also observed in patients administered the double dosage of clopidogrel, but the bleeding risk was increased compared with the control group.

In PCI patients with a high ischemic and bleeding risk, the ticagrelor antiplatelet strategy significantly reduced the MACCE rate without increasing the risk of major bleeding. A decreased MACCE rate was also observed in patients administered the double dosage of clopidogrel, but the bleeding risk was increased compared with the control group.