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Detection of PA is demonstrated in simulated water samples, where matrix effects are taken into account to assess the efficacy of the sensor.In this fundamental work, tributyl phosphate (TBP) with zero hydrogen-bond acidity was for the first time discovered as an efficient supported liquid membrane (SLM) for EMEof acidic drugs (barbiturates) due to its high polarity-polarizability. This discovery indicated that strong dipole-dipole interaction induced by high polarity-polarizability played an important role for efficient EME of acidic drugs. In addition, three barbiturates were successfully extracted for the first time from human whole blood and urine samples by EME with recoveries up to 90%. Interestingly, efficient EME of barbiturates from biological samples required much lower extraction voltage than that from buffer samples. This was due to the significant contribution from LPME during the EME process, when EME was conducted from the samples with just partially ionized analytes. EME combined with HPLC-UV and LC-MS were validated using whole blood and urine, respectively. In all cases, the linearity (R2) was >0.99 within the reported linear range. Repeatability at three concentrations was satisfactory ( less then 12%), and the limits of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) were in the ranges of 0.44-4.30 ng mL-1 and 0.14-0.69 μg mL-1 for EME-LC-MS and EME-HPLC-UV, respectively. Finally, the validated methods were successfully applied for the identification and quantification of barbiturates in whole blood and urine samples for a forensic case, indicating that EME could be used in routine toxicological analysis. selleck chemical Thus, we believe that EME has great potential as a green, efficient and alternative sample preparation method not only in the field of analytical chemistry but also in the fields of forensic science and clinical medicine.High-performance analysis of heavy metal ions is great importance in both environment and food safety. In this work, a facile and reliable colorimetric sensor was presented for simultaneous detection of Cu2+ and Cr3+ based on indicator-displacement assay (IDA). As a typical silicate nanomaterials, ZnSiO3 hollow nanosphere (ZSHS) exhibited an outstanding ion exchange capacity. Zincon was incorporated with the ZSHS to form a zincon/ZSHS hybrid ionophore with a blue color. Upon the addition of Cr3+, IDA reaction and selective ion exchange occurred with the color change of zincon/ZSHS ionophore from blue to yellow. With such a design, colorimetric measurement of Cr3+ was realized. The linear concentration for Cr3+ detection ranged from 0.5 μM to 75 μM with the LOD of 83.2 nM. Furthermore, we also screened different kinds of complexing agents that may respond with zincon/ZSHS ionophore and various metal ions. It was found that tartaric acid (TA) showed the chelation capability of Zn2+-TA is stronger than that of Zn2+-zincon. Thus zincon/ZSHS/TA presented a yellow color due to the chelation reaction of Zn2+-TA, releasing the zincon as a free state. After addition of Cu2+, a stronger chelation reaction of Cu2+-zincon occurred. This process involved in the color change from yellow to blue and realized colorimetric measurement of Cu2+. link2 The detection limit of Cu2+ was calculated to be 43.7 nM with linear range from 0.1 to 20 μM. In addition, the zincon/ZSHS nanoprobe was successfully applied for simultaneous measurement of Cu2+ and Cr3+ in sorghum and river water, indicating that the zincon/ZSHS nanoprobe provided a promising sensing platform in environment and food safety.Accumulating evidence suggests that the features associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) reflect intrinsic metastatic potential and associate with therapy resistance. Thus, profiling the EMT phenotypes of CTCs is increasingly important for cancer diagnosis and prediction of therapeutic responses. However, rapid assessment of the EMT status of a global CTC population is still a challenge due to the difficulty in enriching and phenotyping CTCs simultaneously. Here, we report a microfluidic device consisting of an enrichment section and a capture section for differential capture of rare tumor cells from blood according to their EMT phenotypes. A row of micropillars was constructed in the enrichment section to provide cross-flows for the size-dependent filtration of cells. Thus, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 tumor cells mimicking CTCs were first separated from white blood cells through the micropillars and continually flowed into the capture section at a reduced velocity under a differential hydrodynamic pressure. In the capture section, the heterogeneous tumor cells were then phenotypically sorted and captured in two cascaded compartments functionalized with either an anti-EpCAM antibody or a cocktail of antibodies against mesenchymal markers including Axl, PD-L1, and EGFR. Direct counting of the captured cells in each compartment resulted in the enumeration of epithelial and mesenchymal subpopulations of the tumor cells without additional labeling. Furthermore, the captured tumor cells were successfully maintained for up to six days in the device with high viability and marked proliferation for downstream analysis. Thus, this integrated microfluidic device may have great potential in phenotyping EMT status of CTCs for precision cancer therapy.Psychiatric measurement-based care has a significant role in nonpsychiatric medical and surgical settings for identifying mental illness and plays a research role in generating aggregated data. Psychiatric illnesses are multifactorial and not uniform in nature, patient distress/suffering have a complex etiology, and appropriate treatments are varied. Measures commonly used in measurement-based care are subjective ratings of symptom severity. In clinical mental health settings, measurement-based care may contribute more of a qualitative role as part of the psychiatric input to the identification and severity of illness. Psychiatrists must limit the use of measurement-based care in assisting the assessment of patient progress.To increase utilization and convert health information technology into measurement-based care, this article highlights 4 criteria and actions that help distinguish successful mobile mental health interventions first, interest draw on pervading interest in mobile mental health; second, engagement offer personalized design features and recommendations; third, specificity and simplicity provide simple, specific, and timely feedback; fourth, support incorporate support from peers, family and friends, and caregivers.Although there is no published literature on the use of rating scales in child and adolescent psychiatry fellowships, there is evidence of use of rating scales in other residency programs including general psychiatry, pediatrics, and family medicine. The authors surveyed the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training listserv inquiring how rating scales are used in child and adolescent psychiatry training programs. Results included the use of specific rating scales, if they are optional or required, presence or absence of didactics, perception of rating instruments by fellows and faculty, integration with quality improvement projects, and use in practice after graduation.This article traces the organizational origins of measurement-based care and value-based care, identifying initiatives by policy makers, payors, and psychiatric organizations. The article argues that it is imperative for child psychiatry to take an active role in shaping implementation of these initiatives and identifying opportunities and issues unique to child mental health. Child psychiatry should actively support the development of well-validated measurement tools that have a value impact on quality and efficiency of care; realistically assess implementation processes and administrative burden; and be cautious to not have a negative impact on the vital processes of engagement of the practitioner, child, and family.Although screening can significantly improve the identification of youth with mental health needs in primary care, there is no evidence that screening improves outcomes. Measurement-based care using clinical mental health registries has been shown to improve screening outcomes in adult primary care populations and pediatric physical health needs; however, there is limited attention to pediatric mental health registries in primary care. This article describes clinical mental health registries, discusses the barriers to implementation with youth, and describes next steps in expanding the use of pediatric mental health registries in primary care.Measurement-based care is conceptualized as a driver for quality improvement. The triple aim in the National Quality Strategy purposively muddles the population levels to provide a health policy goal that is encompassing, transactional, and will stimulate change. Specification of the population level has implications for the purpose, proposed target mechanisms that drive quality improvement, methodologic challenges, and implications for program evaluation and data interpretation. To demonstrate, population levels are conceptualized at the individual (tier 1), clinical aggregate (tier 2), and national level (tier 3).Challenges associated with the integration of pediatric mental health care in the primary care setting include limitations of training and time, high volume of patients, need for coordination with external specialists, limited infrastructure, and limited funding. All of these issues can negatively influence the quality of mental health service delivery. Measurement-based care (MBC) processes have the potential to mitigate many of these challenges and generate data, allowing practices to evaluate and improve the performance of integrated mental health processes. Implementing MBC requires initial investment of staff resources for planning and training and information technology resources.Measurement-based care in adolescent substance use is an important element of the evidence-based framework of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT). Use of a validated measure for detecting substance use, misuse, and substance use disorders is significantly more effective than the use of unvalidated tools or clinician intuition. There are now a variety of established and new validated screening tools that are available for use with adolescents and that capture the range of adolescent substance use behaviors. This area, however, continues to evolve rapidly.Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood psychiatric diagnoses. link3 The core symptoms of ADHD include inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. ADHD entails impairments that have extensive and profound detrimental effects on many critical developmental areas. As a valid neurobiologic condition that causes significant impairments in those affected, it is one of the best-researched disorders in medicine. Measurement-based care in treatment of ADHD is critical in establishing a diagnosis, determining a treatment target, and assessing treatment response. This article highlights the rationale for measurement-based care in ADHD, how to implement measurement-based care in clinical practice, and common challenges encountered.