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We demonstrate that enhanced insight is fostered when different biological compartments from the lung are investigated in parallel. Integration of proteomes from lung tissues and BALF compartments reveals new information about protein networks in response to environmental challenge and interaction between intracellular and extracellular processes.Chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection is one of the primary risk factors associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite having been extensively studied, diagnosing early-stage HCC remains challenging, and diagnosed patients have a poor (3-5%) survival rate. Identifying new approaches to detect changes in the serum metabolic profiles of patients with CHB and liver cirrhosis (LC) may provide a valuable approach to better detect HCC at an early stage when it is still amenable to treatment, thereby improving patient prognosis and survival. In the present study, we, therefore, employed a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach to evaluate the serum metabolic profiles of 30 CHB patients, 29 LC patients, and 30 HCC patients. We then employed appropriate statistical methods to identify those metabolites that were best able to distinguish HCC cases from LC and CHB controls. A mass-based database was then used to putatively identify these metabolites. We then confiisease progression. These four metabolites have a significant correlation with alpha fetal protein (AFP) level and age. Our results highlight novel metabolic biomarkers that have the potential to be used for differentiating between CHB, LC, and HCC patients, thereby facilitating the identification and treatment of patients with early-stage HCC.Various measures for reducing air pollution have been promulgated since 2013 in China. To investigate the synergistic results of emission control and meteorological environment, PM2.5 samples collected from October 2013 to July 2016 and November 2018 to October 2019 in Jiaozuo city were analyzed for their compositions, secondary species (Ss) variations, and factors changing for Ss formation. The results showed that the concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) generally decreased over the same seasonal period during these years. In addition, the concentrations and proportions of each Ss increased with the increase in the PM2.5 level in these years, implying that although PM2.5 levels have been reduced by various control policies, Ss formation would remain the major contributor to PM elevations. The enhanced effects of gas-phase reactions on intensification of sulfate, SOA, and PM were observed in 2018-2019, which was consistent with the elevation of nitrate and SOA at PM levels of >150 μg/m3. Only sulfate in all PM levels sharply decreased after 2015, showing the fine effect of coal-related pollution control and the importance of collaborative control of NO x , volatile organic compounds, and organic aerosol emissions with SO2 emissions in the future.We present a simulation study of amphiphilic mikto-arm star copolymers in a selective polymer host. By means of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, we examine the structural and dynamical properties of mikto-arm stars with varying number, n, of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and polystyrene (PS) arms, (PEO) n (PS) n in a 33% wt blend with an oligomeric PEO host (o-PEO). As the number of arms increases, the stars resemble more spherical particles with less separated PEO and PS intramolecular domains. As a result of their internal morphology and associated geometrical constraints, the mikto-arm stars self-assemble either into cylindrical-like objects or a percolated network with increasing n, within the o-PEO matrix. The segmental dynamics is mostly governed by the star architecture and the heterogeneous local environment, formed by the intra- and intermolecular nanosegregation. We discuss the role of each factor and compare the results with previously published studies on mikto-arm stars.Fatty acids (FA) are important mediators of health maintenance and disease risk. Optimal quantification assays of FA in high and low abundance as well the identification of 13C-labeled tracers to monitor FA metabolism are of major interest. find more The article on hand reports about the development and validation of a gas chromatography (GC)-triple quadrupole mass selective detection (GC-TQMS) method for absolute quantification of FA in human plasma phospholipids (hpPL). The quantification of the calibration solution by GC-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), with the introduction of a correction factor, allows the direct comparison of individual FA concentrations in hpPL by GC-TQMS. Specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility are achieved by optimized chromatographic separation and employment of GC-TQMS. The inter-method comparison between GC-FID and GC-TQMS concentrations revealed good comparability for 27 FA. A full validation has been performed with linearity over 4 magnitudes, a limit of detection of 0.18-38.3 fmol on column, a recovery of 83.6-109.6%, and intraday and interday precision data meeting the criteria of EMA and FDA guidelines. The method includes the absolute quantification of 58 positional and geometrical (cis/trans) isomeric FA in hpPL in the concentration range of 1-3000 nmol/mL, covering also low abundant positional cis/trans isomers. Results obtained from both methods are highly comparable, and selectivity and sensitivity are improved by using GC-TQMS. Additionally, we show here that calculation of 13C-labeled C160 tracer/tracee ratios in hpPL in human isotope enrichment studies is possible.pH- and temperature-sensitive nanogels (NGs) were prepared from sodium alginate (SA) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), as the sensitivity at pH 5.5 and 31 °C. SA was pH-modified with glutamic acid (Glu) and ethylenediamine (EDA). The products Glu-SA (Glu-modified SA) and EGSA (EDA- and Glu-modified SA) were characterized by ninhydrin color reaction, infrared spectroscopy, and zeta potential, and the best reactant ratio was selected. Moreover, temperature-sensitive, pH-sensitive EGSA-NGs possessing a semi-interpenetrating network structure were prepared by radical polymerization using N-isopropylacrylamide. The morphology of EGSA-NGs was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The cytotoxicity test shows the low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility of the NGs. The newly prepared NGs were also subjected to pH-sensitive temperature-sensitive in vitro drug-loading and drug-release experiments. The pH-sensitive and temperature-sensitive experiments showed that the particle size of EGSA-NGs was reduced at pH 5.