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dency towards a rise over years since 2004, and the integrated schistosomiasis control effect index was 97.35 in 2019; the annual mean costs for a 1% reduction in the prevalence of S. japonicum infections in 100 populations and 100 bovines were 70.11 Yuan and 4 204.78 Yuan, and the annual mean costs for a 1% reduction in the snail areas in inner embankments and infected snail areas were 2 010.20 Yuan and 1 298.09 Yuan, respectively. Conclusions The integrated control measures achieve remarkable effectiveness for schistosomiasis control in Hunan Province, with a remarkable decline in the prevalence of S. japonicum infections in humans and bovines and great shrinking of snail areas in inner embankments and infected snail areas. Adequate fund investment is required to improve the integrated schistosomiasis control measures and consolidate the control achievements.This paper describes the current epidemic characteristics and endemic status of schistosomiasis, analyzes the main challenges of schistosomiasis control and proposes the emphasis and interventions for future schistosomiasis control activities in Hunan Province, so as to provide insights into the elimination of schistosomiasis in Hunan Province.The culture of schistosomiasis control is specific in the history of Chinese culture. Broadly speaking, the culture of schistosomiasis control is a summary of specific social mood, social consciousness and material culture created by Chinese populations during the progress of schistosomiasis control since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Narrowly speaking, the culture of schistosomiasis control is the spiritual culture that is jointly created and nurtured by schistosomiasis control workers since the founding of the People's Republic of China. The spiritual features of Chinese schistosomiasis control culture are characterized by the patriotism and care about the people, the matter-to-fact attitude, the pioneering and enterprising spirit, and the spirit of sacrifice and dedication. The ultimate goal of the research on the culture of schistosomiasis control is to facilitate the achievement of the strategic goal of Healthy China 2030 as scheduled, accelerate the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis, and to promote the sustainable development of schistosomiasis control in China.Hunan Province occupies a particular position in the history of the national schistosomiasis control programme of China. The province is hyperendemic for schistosomiasis, and achieves great successes and many experiences at various stages of the national schistosomiasis control programme of China. Recently, remarkable schistosomiasis control benefits have been achieved in Hunan Province because of the strong political will, increased financial support, intensification of the integrated control strategy and sustainable implementation of the four projects, including management of livestock and humans as sources of Schistosoma japonicum infections, snail control and capability building of schistosomiasis control institutions. In addition, a series of schistosomiasis control models have been created from the schistosomiasis control programme, and the concept of control-research combination and research serving for field control has been achieved, which provides the "Hunan experience" for the natonal schistosomiasis control programme of China. Based on the government-led multisectoralcollaboration principle, further actions are required with scientific control and joint prevention and control, implementation of the integrated strategy with emphases on controlling sources of S. japonicum infections and snails, adequate financial support, improved professional capability building, and innovative medical treatment-prevention combination patterns, so as to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination in Hunan Province as soon as possible.Significance Hyperspectral microscopy has been intensively explored in biomedical applications. However, due to its huge three-dimensional hyperspectral data cube, it typically suffers from slow data acquisition, mass data transmission and storage, and computationally expensive postprocessing. Aim To overcome the above limitations, a programmable hyperspectral microscopy technique was developed, which can perform hardware-based hyperspectral data postprocessing by the physical process of optical imaging in a snapshot. Approach A programmable hyperspectral microscopy system was developed to collect coded microscopic images from samples under multiplexed illumination. Principal component analysis followed by linear discriminant analysis scheme was coded into multiplexed illumination and realized by the physical process of optical imaging. The contrast enhancement was evaluated on two representative types of microscopic samples, i.e., tissue section and cell samples. Results Compared to the microscopic images collected under white light illumination, the contrasts of coded microscopic images were significantly improved by 41% and 59% for tissue section and cell samples, respectively. Conclusions The proposed method can perform hyperspectral data acquisition and postprocessing simultaneously by its physical process, while preserving the most important spectral information to maximize the difference between the target and background, thus opening a new avenue for high-contrast microscopic imaging in a snapshot.Eleven months old female patient presented to paediatric out patient with parents concerned about her facial swelling. A1331852 Upon examination child's weight and height for age were normal on her percentiles, she had a cushingoid facies with plethoric cheeks (Figure-1,2) though generalized oedema was absent and there was centripetal obesity with some muscle wasting (Figure-3,4). Systemic examination was normal excluding blood pressure which was high for her age. Electrolytes and cortisol levels were normal. On further inquiry it was revealed that she had been using a nappy rash cream containing a potent steroid, i.e., fluticasone for 2 months and this was identified as a cause for her cushingoid features.The overarching goal of video games is to amuse the end-users by means of interactive systems that are now existent across numerous platforms such as personal computer, mobile phones, tablets and game consoles. Player Unknown's Battlegrounds (PUBG) is a multiplayer online game. The addiction of PUBG is soaring worldwide and it has thick user-base. It is suggested that inhuman attitudes such as lack of empathy and war-related sentiments are likely to emerge among children who play aggressive and violent games like PUBG. In 2018, World Health Organisation (WHO) acknowledged online gaming compulsion as a grave mental health problem. Some of the well-known repercussions of playing PUBG video game are eyes strain, exhaustion, headache, obesity, poor quality of sleep, insomnia, withdrawal symptoms (rage and irritability) and even drug abuse owing to compulsive disorder. This game craze is unfortunately triggering world's young population to invest their valuable time, money and effort in a no-return business, and therefore needs urgent measures.