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57% by PA respectively when the concentrations were elevated up to 0.03 mM. The SOD activity inhibition confirmed the molecular binding with pollutants as an essential event besides the biological regulation for activity. The binding interaction was thermodynamically exothermic, spontaneous and strengthened primarily by Van der Waals force and hydrogen bonds, and was spectrally diagnosed with the conformational changes including diminution of α-helix content and spatial reorientation of fluorophore tryptophan. As coherently illustrated with the larger fluorescence quenching constants (3.65*104-4.47*104/mol) than DBP, the metabolites should be the priority concern due to stronger activity inhibition and toxicological risks.Telomeres are functional complexes at the ends of linear chromosomes, and telomerase aids in their maintenance and replication. Additionally, accumulating evidence suggests that telomerase-associated protein 1 (TEP1) is a component of the telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex and is responsible for catalyzing the addition of new synthetic telomere sequences to chromosome ends. SHP099 molecular weight In our previous study, we found that genetic variants of the TERT gene participated in the regulation of telomere length. Exposure to particulate matter, environmental pollutants, oxidative stress, and pesticides is associated with shortening of telomere length. However, it is unknown whether genetic variants in the TEP1 gene may affect telomere length (TL) in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-exposed workers. Therefore, we measured the peripheral leukocyte TL and genotyped the polymorphism loci in the TEP1 gene among 544 PAH-exposed workers and 238 healthy controls. Covariance analysis showed that the individuals carrying TEP1 rs1760903 CC and TEP1 rs1760904 TT had longer TL in the control group (P less then 0.05). In the generalized linear model, we found that rs1760903 CC was a protective factor against TL shortening, and PAH exposure could promote telomere shortening (P less then 0.05). Thus, this study reinforces the roles of environmental factors and genetic variations in telomere damage, and provides a theoretical foundation for the early detection of susceptible populations and the establishment of occupational standards.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common tumors that has a high incidence worldwide. Targeted therapy for CRC has received much attention recently. It is still necessary to develop novel and promising therapeutic targets to improve the prognosis. SYNPO2, also known as synapsopoprotein 2 or myopod, encodes actin binding proteins and has been characterized as a tumor suppressor for aggressive cancers. SYNPO2 has been reported to inhibit the activity of YAP/TAZ. However, whether SYNPO2 could regulate the progression of CRC through the YAP/YAZ signaling pathway remains unclear. Herein, it was found that the expression of SYNPO2 was low in hypoxia-exposed CRC cells, consistent with the data from TCGA database. SYNPO2 inhibited the growth of CRC cells upon hypoxia treatment and promoted the cell apoptosis. Additionally, SYNPO2 inhibited the migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) CRC cell upon hypoxia treatment. Mechanically, the results demonstrated that SYNPO2 suppressed hypoxia-induced progression of CRC by regulating YAP-Kruppel like factor 5 (KLF5) axis. Therefore, SYNPO2 can serve as a promising therapeutic target for CRC treatment.During spermatogenesis, the transition from histone to protamine is highly conserved in most invertebrates and vertebrates. Thus far, a large and growing body of literature has demonstrated that histones and histone modifications still exist in the sperm nucleus of decapod crustaceans. H4Kac is believed to play an important role in the process of sperm chromatin condensation. However, the dynamics of hyperacetylated histone H4 (H4Kac) during spermatogenesis in decapoda are still unknown. In this paper, the distribution of H4Kac in four decapod crustaceans (Eriocheir sinensis, Charybdis japonica, Procambarus clarkii, and Macrobrachium nipponense) were investigated via immunofluorescence. Our results indicated that H4Kac was visible in the mature sperm nucleus of E. sinensis, C. japonica, and M. nipponense. Unlike the other three species, H4Kac was translocated from the nuclei to cytoplasm in mid-spermatids of P. clarkii. Eventually, H4Kac were not present in mature spermatozoa of P. clarkii. Importantly, we observed for the first time that H4Kac was distributed outside the nucleus, which reminds us that H4Kac may participate in the formation of acrosome structure in decapod crustaceans and may be a prerequisite for proper chromatin decondensation.

Demyelinating lesions occasionally present as mass-like lesions on imaging, raising concern for malignancy. The disease course of such tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDLs) is still being defined.

We retrospectively analyzed 21 patients with new-onset neurologic symptoms and mass-like lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which resulted in biopsy-proven diagnoses of demyelination. 18 patients had a median follow-up of 52months. The clinical, radiologic and histologic features were associated with disease course.

An aggressive disease course (ADC) was noted in 33% of the patients and was associated with an initial largest lesion size ≥35mm (p=0.0007), mass effect (p=0.01) and perilesional edema (p=0.01) on MRI. Age 30years and older, at presentation (p=0.05), as well as the absence of a prior tonsillectomy (p=0.0128) were also associated with an ADC.

We identified several factors, including initial larger lesion size, mass effect and perilesional edema on MRI, presentation after 30years of age and the absence of a prior tonsillectomy, that predict an ADC in patients presenting with TDLs. These predictors of disease course can help guide patient follow-up and stratification for intervention.

We identified several factors, including initial larger lesion size, mass effect and perilesional edema on MRI, presentation after 30 years of age and the absence of a prior tonsillectomy, that predict an ADC in patients presenting with TDLs. These predictors of disease course can help guide patient follow-up and stratification for intervention.The AFG3L2 gene encodes AFG3-like protein 2, which is a subunit of human mitochondrial ATPases associated with various cellular protease activities (m-AAA). The clinical spectrum of AFG3L2 mutations is broad. Dominant AFG3L2 mutations can cause autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia type 28 (SCA28), whereas biallelic AFG3L2 mutations may lead to spastic ataxia 5 (SPAX5). link2 However, the role of AFG3L2 mutations in autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia (SCAR) remains elusive. The aim of this study is to delineate the clinical features and spectrum of AFG3L2 mutations in a Taiwanese cohort with cerebellar ataxia. Mutational analyses of AFG3L2 were carried out by targeted resequencing in a cohort of 133 unrelated patients with molecularly undetermined cerebellar ataxia. link3 We identified one single patient carrying compound heterozygous mutations in AFG3L2, p.[R632*];[V723M] (c.[1894C > T];[2167G > A]). The patient has suffered from apparently sporadic and slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia, ptosis, and ophthalmoparesis since age 55 years. These findings expand the clinical spectrum of AFG3L2 mutations and suggest a new subtype of late-onset SCAR caused by biallelic AFG3L2 mutations.

Swallow tail sign (STS), which represents nigrosome-1 in the substantia nigra on 3 Tesla (T) susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), has attracted attention as a promising magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarker for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD). Some reports have shown high sensitivity and specificity-both above 94%-for distinguishing iPD from healthy controls. However, abnormal STS has been observed in many neurodegenerative parkinsonisms and even in multiple sclerosis.

All patients with parkinsonism who had 3T MRI were included in a retrospective chart review from a single movement disorders clinic. All subjects were evaluated by a single movement disorder specialist, using Movement Disorders Society diagnostic criteria and American Academy of Neurology consensus guidelines for diagnoses. All MRIs were interpreted by a single neuroradiologist who was blinded to the diagnosis.

Twenty patients were included in the study. Twelve had abnormal STS iPD (n=2), probable multiple system atrophy (n=3), vascular parkinsonism (n=1), psychogenic gait disorder (n=1), neuroleptic parkinsonism (n=2), cervical dystonia (n=1), static encephalopathy (n=1) and gait disorder of unknown etiology (n=1). Eight had normal STS iPD (n=1), probable progressive supranuclear palsy (n=1), vascular parkinsonism (n=2), transient parkinsonism of unknown etiology (n=2), valproic acid induced parkinsonism (n=1), and essential tremor with parkinsonism (n=1).

I-Ioflupane SPECT dopamine transporter (DaT) scan results were available on seven subjects; four subjects had incongruency between DaT and MRI.

Our results suggest that the abnormal STS is not, in isolation, a reliable biomarker of idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

Our results suggest that the abnormal STS is not, in isolation, a reliable biomarker of idiopathic Parkinson's disease.Plants are resistant to most pathogens because of an immune system that perceives invading microbes and activates defense. A large repertoire of innate immune receptors mediates specific direct or indirect recognition of pathogen-derived molecules. Disease is often a consequence of insufficient immune surveillance, and the transfer of immune receptor genes from resistant plants to susceptible crop varieties is an effective strategy for combating disease outbreaks. We discuss approaches for identifying intracellular and cell surface immune receptors, with particular focus on recently developed and emerging methodologies. We also review considerations for the transfer of immune receptor genes into crop species, including additional host factors that may be required for immune receptor function. Together, these concepts lay out a broadly applicable playbook for developing crop varieties with durable disease resistance.A novel system for simultaneous biogas upgrading, CO2 sequestration, and biogas slurry decrement was established by adding biomass ash into biogas slurry to form a renewable CO2 mixture absorbent. After CO2 saturation, the CO2-rich mixture absorbent could be applied for plant growth. When the mass ratio of liquid to solid was 41, CO2 absorption capacity of this mixture absorbent reached up to 97.33 g-CO2/kg-biomass-ash, which was about 135% higher than that of the biomass ash-water mixture. The highest value of 129.94 g-CO2/kg-biomass-ash was obtained at a liquid-solid ratio of 991. When the TS concentration of anaerobic digestion feedstock was higher than 16 wt% and the water content of CO2-rich absorbent was about 50 wt%, more than 80% of biogas slurry can be adsorbed by the biomass ash. If the biomass ash with a CO2 absorption capacity of 100 g-CO2/kg was adopted and its transportation distance was less than 45 km, the biogas upgrading cost could be lower than the global average level (about RMB¥ 0.7/Nm3-biogas) when using the novel system proposed in this study.