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The outbreak of the emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency. According to the findings, women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of this virus. Due to the need for quarantine and social distancing in the current disease situation and need to receive repeated medical care in GDM patients, this review study aimed to evaluate the self-care strategies for women with GDM during COVID-19 pandemic.

25 related articles from 2011 to 2020 and 3 guidelines were reviewed with the keywords of gestational diabetes mellitus, diabetes, pregnancy and COVID-19 in combination with self-care and self-management in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley Online Library and SID.

According to the results of the studies, face-to-face visits should be limited and instead, telemedicine services recommended. Self-care throughout telemedicine services were improved maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with GDM.

Although self-care program through telemedicine services is beneficial for women with GDM, performing clinical trials are recommended to assess maternal and neonatal outcomes in this condition.

Although self-care program through telemedicine services is beneficial for women with GDM, performing clinical trials are recommended to assess maternal and neonatal outcomes in this condition.

Despite an explosion of evidence-based guidelines, many decisions in clinical practice remain shrouded in uncertainty. Physicians could view ambiguous situations as a source of threat. Uncertainty results from personal lack of knowledge, limits of current medical knowledge and the inability to distinguish between the two. The purpose of this review is to study the prevalence, effects and management of medical uncertainty in clinical practice.

PubMed search for articles on prevalence and management of medical uncertainty.

Intolerance to uncertainty among physicians may result in increased test-ordering tendencies, failure to comply with evidence-based guidelines, guide career choices, and result in decreased comfort with geriatric, chronic illness and psychological problems. Factors causing variability of disease management includes patient factors(inappropriate prioritization, risk aversion, expectations), physicians factors(lack of knowledge, intolerance to medical uncertainty, limited resources, time orrisome diagnosis, apply evidence-based information with effective risk communication, negotiating management strategies with patient and establishing regular follow-up with personalized feedback. (- 245 words).The design of efficient adsorbent with abundant binding sites for heavy metal ions is crucial for developing innovative materials that will remove pollutant metal ions. selleck compound The high uptake capacity, kinetics, and affinity towards the toxic metals are the key requirements that the materials under invesigation should accomplish. Here we report the synthesis of iminodiacetic acid-functionalized hypercrosslinked polymer (IDA-HCP) for purification of water polluted by toxic metal ions via coordination of carboxylate and amino active sites on the surface of porous polymer. The obtained porous polymer is stable under harsh conditions and the structural features on the polymer work together to help the removal of Pb(II) with 1138 mg g-1 uptake capacity. In the meanwhile, the IDA-HCP reveals reuseability and very promising capture efficiency not only for Pb2+, but also for Hg2+ and Cd2+ from a mixture of Pb2+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, and Na+ metal ions. This result gives us confidence that the polymer material can solve the pollution problem caused by various metal ions.Environmentally appropriate economic recycling of spent automotive catalytic converters (SACCs) is difficult due to their complexity. The prominent reason is the lack of knowledge and comprehensive characterization of SACCs. This study focused on the characterization of SACCs in terms of their structural, morphological, physiochemical, surface, and thermal properties. The accurate determination of metals content, including 4975 mg/kg platinum group metals, 42,119 mg/kg rare earth elements, and other base metals, showed a great potential wealth in SACCs. Besides, the sequential extraction method was applied for metals fractionation, which represents a unique harsh recycling approach needed due to the stable structure of SACCs, metals embedded in silicate phases, and the presence of barely soluble metal phosphates. This waste was also examined for environmental criteria and leaching tests, including Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, Waste Extraction Test, and Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure. The findings declare that Waste Extraction Test was the most aggressive procedure to assess mobility. The contamination indexes, such as risk assessment code, contamination factor, and global contamination factor, were also investigated, which show SACCs must be regarded as hazardous waste. As an example, the global contamination factor of 11.87 depicts SACCs have a moderate contamination degree.The total and available (water extracted) content of selected metal were determined in co-pyrolyzed SSL with willow (82, 62 w/w) at 500, 600, and 700 °C using two different carrier gases (N2 or CO2). The study investigated the relationship of metal content and bioavailability to toxicity of biochars towards bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), plants (Lepidium sativum), and arthropods (Folsomia candida). For the biochar produced at a ratio of 64 (SSLwillow), the content of most metals significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) from 5.9% to 28.9%. Co-pyrolysis of SSL with willow decreased water extractable metal concentrations (Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) from 8.0% to 100%. The CO2 resulted from 6 to 200 % increase (P ≤ 0.05) of metal content relative to the biochar pyrolyzed in N2. An increase in pyrolysis temperature caused a higher concentration of the metals in the biochars. The available content of most metals decreased from 9 to 100 %. The adverse effect of these biochars on living organisms was reduced due to a stronger binding of the metals (especially Cu and Cd) with the biochar matrix.