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Physical inactivity is a global public health challenge, and effective, large-scale interventions are needed. We examined the effectiveness of a population-wide mHealth intervention in Singapore, National Steps Challenge Season 3 (NSC3) and two booster challenges (Personal Pledge, Corporate Challenge). The current study includes 411,528 participants. Regression discontinuity design and difference-in-difference with fixed-effects regression examined the association of NSC3 and the additional booster challenges on daily step counts. Participants tended to be female (58.5%), with an average age of 41.5 years (SD = 13.9) and BMI of 23.8 kg/m2 (SD = 4.5). We observed that NSC3 was associated with a mean increase of 1437 steps (95% CI, 1408 to 1467) per day. Enrolment in the Personal Pledge and Corporate Challenge was associated with additional mean increases of 1172 (95% CI, 1123 to 1222) and 896 (95% CI, 862 to 930) steps per day, respectively. For NSC3, the associated mean increase in the step counts across different sex and age groups varied, with greater increases for females and those in the oldest age group. We provide real-world evidence that suggests NSC3 was associated with improvements in participants' step counts. Results suggest NSC3 is an effective and appealing population-wide mHealth physical activity intervention.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been applied to predict the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response of bladder cancer at an early stage, but the performance remains poor. A tool for the selection of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) with high probability of benefitting from NAC is not yet available. We designed a prospective study to assess a quantitative MRI for predicting the early response of MIBC to NAC.

All individuals underwent a time-course MRI at pre-NAC, 24h after initial cisplatin medication (24h-NAC) and post-NAC.Chemosensitivity was evaluated according to pathological response.The transfer constant (K

), plasma volume (V

), extravascular extracellular space (V

), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were quantitated based on dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted imaging.Quantitative RECIST criteria were constructed by modelling pre-NAC and 24h-NAC MRI measures, and then compared with conventional RECIST by using pre- and post-NAC MRI measures.

In this pilot study, a total of 24 patients were enrolled into the study. Eight patients were pathologically confirmed to be NAC-responders. After a thorough evaluation of these parameters, different parameters showed good discrimination at different point in time. ROC curves showed quantitative MRI can predict the response to NAC, especially ADC_M (AUC=0.859, P=0.005) and ADC index (AUC=0.844, P=0.007) at pre-NAC timing and ADC_M (AUC=0.816, P=0.013) at 24h-NAC timing. Then, a qRECIST model was established for predicting NAC sensitivity, with AUC of 0.91, TP rate of 0.8, and accuracy of 0.75.

The diagnostic performance of mpMRI parameters for NAC response is excellent. The qRECIST derived between pre- and 24h NAC MRI could predict the early response of MIBC to NAC and help for candidate selection.

The diagnostic performance of mpMRI parameters for NAC response is excellent. The qRECIST derived between pre- and 24 h NAC MRI could predict the early response of MIBC to NAC and help for candidate selection.

To compare the image quality and performance of half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) sequences, using compressed sensing (HASTE-CS) and deep-learning based reconstruction (HASTE-DL) in detecting focal liver lesions (FLLs), to those of T2-weighted image using BLADE sequence (T2WI) in patients at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

This retrospective study included patients at risk of developing HCC who underwent liver MRI including HASTE-DL, HASTE-CS, T2WI and DWI between January and June 2020. Three radiologists independently reviewed the image quality along with FLL detection in the three T2-based sequences and DWI. Reference lesion characterization was done using the complete set of MRI sequences according to the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) v2018.

A total of 227 patients with 88 of whom had FLLs (n=194, mean size 11.7±10.9mm) were included. HASTE-DL yielded the highest overall image quality, followed by HASTE-CS and T2WI (3.4±0.5, 3.1±0.6, 2.4±0.5, respectively, P<0.001 for all). In the detection of FLLs, HASTE-DL showed significantly higher sensitivity than T2WI (51.5% vs 43.6%, P=0.007) whereas HASTE-CS and T2WI bore respectively little difference (P>0.017) on per-patient basis. For LR-4, -5, -M lesions, HASTE-DL had significantly higher figure of merit than that of T2WI (0.58 vs 0.52, P<0.001) in per-lesion basis.

HASTE-DL demonstrated better image quality and higher performance for FLL detection than conventional T2WI in patients at risk of developing HCC.

HASTE-DL demonstrated better image quality and higher performance for FLL detection than conventional T2WI in patients at risk of developing HCC.We report on the amperometric second-generation glucose test strips with the linear calibration range covering blood glucose concentrations. Chitosan membrane was used for immobilization of both enzyme and mediator in a single step. Optimal chitosan concentration in membrane-forming mixture corresponds to the highest enzyme activity and dramatically improved mediator adsorption in final membrane. On one hand, the immobilized glucose oxidase activation with an increase of the chitosan polymer content in the membrane has been noticed. On the other hand, positively charged chitosan matrix retains mediator (hexacyanoferrate (III) ion) in the membrane, due to its negative charge. Additionally, the excessive adsorption of the mediator on screen-printed electrodes coated with membranes was proved by means of cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. Glucose test strips have been elaborated via single-step modification of the sensor support with the enzyme-mediator-polymer mixture. Apparently, the record linear calibration range from 1 mM to 50 mM glucose was achieved recording amperometric response at 5th second after potential was applied. The elaborated test strips have been validated through analysis of standard serum and blood samples. In whole blood test strips keep 84-98% of their sensitivity in buffer solution.Live foodborne pathogens proliferate rapidly and do great harm to human health, which requires appropriate methods to supervise. In this work, a portable adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence sensor with high specificity for live E. coli O157H7 strain synergistically enhanced by orientated phage-modified stir bar extraction and bio-proliferation was developed. In brief, the selected phages were directionally immobilized on the poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-modified gold stir bar as the bioreceptor. Following the simple stir bar absorptive extraction and bio-proliferation in the Luria-Bertani medium, the number of captured E. coli O157H7 exploded. Finally, it was quantified by a portable ATP bioluminescence sensor. Benefitting from the high specificity of phage and simple signal dual-amplification strategy, the proposed biosensor achieved the recognition of live bacteria at strain level with superior sensitivity. Also, the portable signal readout made it suitable for on-site detection. Under optimal conditions, this bioassay provided a detectable range of 102-107 CFU mL-1 with a low detection limit of 30 CFU mL-1 within 30 min. The detection results for real samples demonstrated that there were no differences between the assay and the plate counting method, while the detection time was largely shortened. Furthermore, the assay gives a novel path for the point-of-care test (POCT) of live E. coli strain, which is promising to be extended to other virulent strains measurement with corresponding phages.Endometriosis is a chronic systemic disease affecting 1 in 10 people assigned female at birth, that can result in appearance-based and functional bodily changes which can negatively impact body image. Empirical evidence supports the body dissatisfaction-driven hypothesis that negative body image leads to greater depressive symptoms; but potential underlying mechanisms are under-researched. This prospective study investigated the mediating role of two theoretically-derived intervening factors, self-esteem and rumination, in individuals living with endometriosis who typically report high rates of body image concerns and depressive symptoms. Initially, 996 participants completed the first online survey (T0) assessing demographic, medical and psychological factors. Of these, 451 completed surveys at 1-month (T1) and 2-months (T2) follow-up assessing self-esteem, rumination and depression. Bootstrapped analyses with full-information maximum likelihood estimation indicated that poor body image (T0) predicted greater depressive symptoms over time (T2). Self-esteem (T1), but not rumination (T1), mediated the body image-depression relationship. These results provide support for the body dissatisfaction-driven hypothesis and further identify that self-esteem is a key meditating factor. This highlights the importance of addressing self-esteem in body image focused interventions.Facial difference (FD) is not only an individual experience; it is inherently social, reflecting interactions between social norms and individual attitudes. Often FD is stigmatized. In this paper, we employ a widely used stigma framework, namely the social stigma framework put forth by Pryor and Reeder (2011), to unpack the stigma of FD. This framework posits that there are four forms of stigma public stigma, self-stigma, stigma by association, and structural stigma. We first discuss the social and psychological literature on FD as it pertains to these various forms of stigma. We then describe coping approaches for FD stigma. C59 solubility dmso Lastly, we delineate evidence-based methods for addressing the various forms of FD stigma, such that future efforts can more effectively tackle the stigma of facial difference.Today, young people spend much of their lives online where they encounter abundant appearance-focused content. In light of the important role that social media platforms like Instagram play in young people's attitudes towards the cosmetic surgery industry, this study investigates passive and active social media usage in relation to young adults' perceptions of cosmetic procedures. In a cross-sectional survey study among 470 Instagram users aged 18-25 years (Mage = 21.00, SDage = 2.26), young adults indicated a low cosmetic procedure intention themselves, but overestimated the prevalence of cosmetic procedures undertaken by others. Considering passive social media use, young adults who follow influencers who had undergone cosmetic procedures reported higher intentions to have cosmetic procedures themselves, and following influencers who had not undergone procedures was related to lower intentions. In terms of active social media usage, frequency of Instagram posting was generally insignificant in relation to acceptance of and intention to undergo cosmetic procedures. Yet, those who used filters to edit pictures more frequently reported increased cosmetic procedure acceptance and intention. Overall, this paper offers a nuanced perspective on the relation between young adults' perceptions of cosmetic procedures and their social media behaviors, highlighting the importance of specific appearance-oriented social media usage.