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The present study reports effect of various drying and storage conditions on physical, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant properties of doum (H. thebaica) fruit for the first time. Three types of fruit are used such as fresh, dried from tree, and dried fruits purchased from local market. Pulp of fresh fruit was dried using sun, shade and oven at different temperatures and stored under different conditions for three months. Samples were analysed before and after drying and storage. The results showed significantly (p less then 0.01) higher dry matter (98.73 g/100g), pH (7.09), tannins (27.64 mg/g), flavonoids (19.90 mg/g) and total polyphenols (7.13 mg/g) contents in pericarp than other parts of fruit. The pulp without pericarp exhibited higher ash, amino acids, proteins and vitamin C contents, however pulp of whole fresh fruit had higher Ca (1.67 mg/g), Na (640.26 mg/g) and Zn (11.63 μg/g). Pulp of fruit purchased from local market showed significantly stronger antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS). All parameters evaluated were significantly (p less then 0.01) affected in comparison with pulp of fresh fruit but varied with respect to drying methods and storage conditions. The shade-dried samples showed higher proteins, amino acids, vitamin C, ash, fibres and acidity contents than other drying methods. Polyphenols and antioxidant activities are higher in oven-dried samples at low temperature (40 °C) as compared to others. The highest DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities are observed after drying and storage conditions for three months. Significant and positive (p less then 0.01) correlations are found between antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activities. Thus, drying methods and storage conditions can preserve pulp of doum fruit with high physicochemical, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities for human well-being up to three months, however shade-drying followed by oven-drying are highly promising process that must be considered as suitable drying methods for doum fruits.

Literature shows that the consumption of Dietary Supplements (DS) is more common in Iran. This study aimed to explore the experiences of a sample of Iranian women regarding the factors influencing the use of DS.

This qualitative content analysis study was conducted in Qods city, Tehran province, Iran from January to March 2020. Forty-two semi-structured in-depth interviews were performed with women. The participants were asked about their experiences about the determinants of the consumption of DS. After the first round of the interviews was done, we performed content analysis of the data and continued up to data saturation.

Two main themes including personal factors (with 5 subthemes including sociodemographic characteristics, perceived benefits of DS, history of illness, physiological conditions, and lifestyle factors) and socio-economic factors (with 3 subthemes including subjective norms, the price of food and commercial considerations of the sectors involved in the production and sale of DS

emerged as the experiences of the participants as to the intake of DS.

These variables may suggest areas which need to be focused on for performing more effective interventions to affect appropriate consumption of DS in Iran.

These variables may suggest areas which need to be focused on for performing more effective interventions to affect appropriate consumption of DS in Iran.Social media research tends to prioritize how young adults - and college students, in particular - use social network sites. While several studies have focused on how Facebook can help alleviate loneliness among older adults, the motives for using other social media platforms, including Instagram, have not been adequately explored. This study therefore focuses on how a uses and gratifications framework applies to older users of Facebook and Instagram, including the relationship to contextual age. A survey of 414 Baby Boomers and Traditionalists was conducted in the Fall of 2019. The results revealed that older adults rely on Facebook and Instagram to compensate for the lack of social activity and face-to-face interactions in their daily lives. These patterns are consistent with social compensation hypothesis and contradict the findings of studies done with college students. In addition, the older adults' life satisfaction was a negative predictor of using these sites for companionship and diversion. Future research should furthermore explore how other personality traits and social situations might influence older individuals use of social media. This knowledge can be particularly useful in times of health pandemic, such as COVID-19, when so many older individuals are confined to their homes and rely on social media for interaction and entertainment. Insight into intergenerational social media usage differences can also benefit advertisers, policy makers, recreational groups, healthcare and social services.The present study investigated the effect of polysaccharide gel (PG) extracted from the rind of durian fruit which is encapsulated with Bacillus subtilis as a feed and co-inoculation with Artemia nauplii in the induction of immune response in Danio rerio after Vibrio immersion challenge (5 days). The total RBC count, lysozyme activity test, weight, and length analysis revealed that the zebra fishes fed with the PG encapsulated probiotics had more immune induction activity, survival, and growth than the non-encapsulated groups. When the expression of the immune-related genes was measured, the studies revealed the significant upregulation (P less then 0 .05) of interleukin 1 beta (Il1b), lysozyme (lyz), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes in fish fed with PG encapsulated probiotics with A. nauplii showed an immense effect on the induction of immune response compared to other feeds.Metabolite profile provides an overview and avenue for the detection of a vast number of metabolites in food sample at a particular time. Gas chromatography high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-HRTOF-MS) is one of such techniques that can be utilized for profiling known and unknown compounds in a food sample. In this study, the metabolite profiles of Bambara groundnut and dawadawa (unhulled and dehulled) were investigated using GC-HRTOF-MS. The presence of varying groups of metabolites, including aldehydes, sterols, ketones, alcohols, nitrogen-containing compounds, furans, pyridines, acids, vitamins, fatty acids, sulphur-related compounds, esters, terpenes and terpenoids were reported. Bambara groundnut fermented into derived dawadawa products induced either an increase or decrease as well as the formation of some metabolites. The major compounds (with their peak area percentages) identified in Bambara groundnut were furfuryl ether (9.31%), bis (2-(dimethylamino)ethyl) ether (7.95%), 2-monopalerve as functional foods that are beneficial to health.Protection coordination of AC microgrids (MGs) is a challenging task since they can operate either in grid-connected or islanded mode which drastically modifies the fault currents. In this context, traditional approaches to protection coordination, that only consider the time multiplier setting (TMS) as a decision variable may no longer be able to guarantee network security. This paper presents a novel approach for protection coordination in AC MGs that incorporates non-standard characteristic features of directional over-current relays (OCRs). Three optimization variables are considered for each relay TMS, maximum limit of the plug setting multiplier (PSM) and standard characteristic curve (SCC). The proposed model corresponds to a mixed integer non-linear programming problem. Four metaheuristic techniques were implemented for solving the optimal coordination problem, namely particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), teaching-learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm and shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA). Numerous tests were run on an IEC MG as well as with the distribution portion of the IEEE 30-bus test system. Both systems incorporate distributed generation (DG) and feature several modes of operation. A comparison was made with other MG protection coordination approaches proposed in the specialized literature. In all cases, the proposed approach found reduced coordination times, evidencing the applicability and efficacy of the proposed approach.Despite majoring in English, many junior and senior college students face limited opportunities to practice their EFL speaking in class. Some self-motivated students, through self-regulated learning, seek beyond-class opportunities to tap into physical and virtual human interaction to hone their spoken English. click here This study examined junior and senior college students' level of self-regulated motivation to improve their speaking of English as a foreign language (SRMIS-EFL). It looked into the interaction of students' academic level and gender to their SRMIS-EFL. Participants were 300 EFL college junior and senior students from an English Department of a Yemeni university. This study utilized an online self-reported SRMIS-EFL questionnaire to gather data. Its descriptive and inferential statistical analyses revealed that senior students' overall level of SRMIS-ELF was high, while junior students' level was medium. It found that students used a range of motivation self-regulation strategies to improve their EFL speaking competence. It also indicated no significant relationship between students' SRMIS-EFL and their academic level. However, it evinced that students' gender had a small but significant effect, in favor of female students, on their SRMIS-EFL. The study suggests incorporating motivation regulation training into EFL programs to raise awareness of motivational self-regulatory strategies to cultivate student motivation.Anogeissus leiocarpus (Combretaceae) is a medicinal plant used in Togo to treat diabetes mellitus and others diseases. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of total extract and fractions of roots of Anogeissus leiocarpus. The antihyperlipidemic activity of the total extract and the supernatant was performed in vivo by the fructose overload test in ICR mice. Antioxidant potential was determined in vitro by methods based on scavenging of DPPH∗, total antioxidant capacity and reducing power. After the screening, phenolic compounds and flavonoids were evaluated by the well-known colorimetric assay using respectively Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride. The results obtained showed that the total extract and the supernatant significantly reduced the serum and liver levels of triglycerides and hence the level of VLDL-Cholesterol compared to hyperlipidemic mice. In vitro the total extract and fractions had the ability to scavenge free radicals, to reduce metal and possessed strong total antioxidant activity. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponosides in the extract and fractions. And the supernatant fraction contained more polyphenolic compounds than others. From this study, it is concluded that the total extract and fraction of Anogeissus leiocarpus possessed strong antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant properties and were riched in polyphenols, which can be used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus' complications. Hence, the supernatant fraction was the most biologically active.