Leebehrens1021

The SUECO study examines the relationship between urban obesogenic environments and health outcomes among school-age children in the city of Madrid, Spain. We will study how features of the urban environment (related to the food- and the physical activity environment) associate with children's anthropometrics, eating habits, and physical activity levels.

We describe the study protocol of this multilevel study in a representative sample of school-age children in the city of Madrid (2017; n=5,961 children ages 3-12). Main outcome variables include anthropometrics (body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat), healthy and unhealthy consumption measures, and physical activity measures.The primary explanatory variables are grouped into food environment (e.g., unhealthy food retailers' density) and physical activity environment (e.g., walkability, physical activity opportunities) variable categories. Multilevel models will be used to calculate the associations between each indicator and obesity and physical inactivity.

We describe the study protocol of this multilevel study in a representative sample of school-age children in the city of Madrid (2017; n=5,961 children ages 3-12). Main outcome variables include anthropometrics (body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat), healthy and unhealthy consumption measures, and physical activity measures. The primary explanatory variables are grouped into food environment (e.g., unhealthy food retailers' density) and physical activity environment (e.g., walkability, physical activity opportunities) variable categories. Multilevel models will be used to calculate the associations between each indicator and obesity and physical inactivity.

To describe the maternal, neonatal and pregnancy characteristics related to inhibition of lactation (IL) with cabergoline.

We assessed 20,965 occasions of breastfeeding initiation, according to data collected from obstetric records at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (Spain) between January 2011 and December 2017.

IL decreased over the study period from 8.78% to 6.18% (odds ratio [OR] 0.93 per year; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.90-0.95). Women with a lower educational level (OR 2.5; 95%CI 2.0-3.0), mothers living in more depressed areas (OR 1.08 per 10 extra points over 100; 95%CI 1.04-1.12), smokers (OR 2.2; 95%CI 1.9-2.6), and those with more children (OR 1.2 for each sibling; 95%CI 1.1-1.3), preterm birth (OR 1.8; 95%CI 1.4-2.3), multiple births (OR 1.6; 95%CI 1.2-2.1) and a higher risk pregnancy (OR 1.3 per risk point; 95%CI 1.2-1.4) showed a higher prevalence of IL. Compared to women born in Spain, IL was less likely in all other women with the exception of Chinese women (OR 7.0; 95%CI 5.7-8.6). These disparities remained during the study period.

Factors related to lower socioeconomic status and poor health were more likely to be associated with IL. The overall use of cabergoline decreased during the study period while inequalities persisted. Taking these inequalities into account is the first step to addressing them.

Factors related to lower socioeconomic status and poor health were more likely to be associated with IL. The overall use of cabergoline decreased during the study period while inequalities persisted. Taking these inequalities into account is the first step to addressing them.Increased anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is driving N-limited ecosystems towards phosphorus (P) limitation. Plants have evolved strategies to respond to P limitation which affect N cycling in plant-soil systems. A comprehensive understanding of how plants with efficient P-acquisition or -use strategies influence carbon (C) and N cycling remains elusive. We highlight how P-acquisition/-use strategies, particularly the release of carboxylates into the rhizosphere, accelerate soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and soil N mineralisation by destabilising aggregates and organic-mineral associations. We advocate studying the effects of P-acquisition/-use strategies on SOM formation, directly or through microbial turnover.

To explore the hypothesis that using a large, three-dimensional (3D), ultra-high-definition (4K), heads-up display (HUD) system in a real-life setting may be associated with a significant reduction in light intensity (LI) delivered during various types of eye surgery.

Single center, post-learning curve observational study of 142 independent consecutive cases 73 cataracts and 69 vitrectomies (VR). For each group, the only variable setting was the LI. The LI delivered by each source was calibrated in lumens (lm).

In the VR group, the delivered LI dramatically decreased from the 80% reference to 27.8%±13.2% (P<0.0001) (4.3 to 1.5lm). Among these surgeries, 91.3% needed 40% or less LI (2.3lm). The corneal transparency and quality of pupil dilation showed some correlation with the results. In the cataract group, the difference was even more spectacular, from 80% to 15%±11.3% (P<0.0001) (2.5 to 0.3lm). Among these surgeries, 80.8% required less than 20% LI (0.5lm). The surgical time, LI variations and type of cataract seemed to influence the results, down to 9.6%±5.4% (P<0.0001) (0.22lm) for nuclear cataracts, which represented 63% of the cataract sample.

The digital signal amplification with this HUD system allows comfortable posterior as well as anterior segment surgery despite the decrease in incident light, suggesting an unprecedented reduction in the risk of phototoxicity compared to conventional systems as well as a likely improvement in patient comfort.

The digital signal amplification with this HUD system allows comfortable posterior as well as anterior segment surgery despite the decrease in incident light, suggesting an unprecedented reduction in the risk of phototoxicity compared to conventional systems as well as a likely improvement in patient comfort.

To evaluate the association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and periodontal disease, two frequent conditions in the elderly, with some risk factors in common.

Single center, pilot, case-control study performed in a center specialized in the diagnosis and management of AMD. Periodontal status was evaluated in 43 AMD patients and 19 controls. Fundus examination and a complete periodontal examination were performed in all subjects.

AMD patients have a greater percentage of 3-4mm clinical attachment loss compared to controls (47% vs. 38%, [P=0.039]). However, no significant difference was found between the groups with regard to the prevalence of severe periodontitis.

These results suggest an association between AMD and attachment loss characteristic of periodontal disease and support the need for larger prospective studies to elucidate the relationships between these 2 highly prevalent and potentially severe diseases.

These results suggest an association between AMD and attachment loss characteristic of periodontal disease and support the need for larger prospective studies to elucidate the relationships between these 2 highly prevalent and potentially severe diseases.Many Chinese breeding pigs are repeatedly vaccinated against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which cause fatal, highly contagious diseases. To reduce their high frequency vaccination-induced immune stress, we constructed a combined vaccine based on the E2 protein of CSFV and the S1 spike protein subunit of PEDV (named E2-S1). In mice, the E2-S1 vaccine elicited higher neutralizing antibody titers and IgG1/IgG2a ratios against CSFV and PEDV than those induced by individual E2 or S1 vaccines. Moreover, it elicited high IL-4 expression, but no IFN-γ expression. The results suggest that good compatibility exists between E2 and S1 antigens, and the E2-S1 vaccine can elicit a strong Th2-type cell-mediated humoral immune response. The E2-S1 recombinant fusion protein provides a novel vaccine candidate against both CSFV and PEDV, laying the foundation for future combination vaccines against swine diseases.Lower rectal and anal cancers are distinct from neoplasms involving rest of the rectum. These are relatively difficult to manage owing to important relationships with the sphincter muscles. Involvement of the latter portends a poorer prognosis and increased chance of recurrence. Lymphatic drainage of these tumours is into the systemic circulation and the exact set of lymph nodes involved depends on the precise location of the tumour. Subasumstat The role of imaging includes assessment of local invasion, infiltration of adjacent pelvic organs, assessment of locoregional lymphatic spread and metastasis, post-chemoradiation restaging as well as post-treatment surveillance.This article has been retracted please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https//www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http//www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Panels from Figures 2a and 3a appear similar to panels from Figures 2A and 3A of the article that the authors et al. have previously published in PLoS One 8(9) (2013) e73481 https//doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073481 and Figures 1c and 2c of the article that Vikas Mishra, Rajkumar Verma and Ram Raghubir have published in Neuropharmacology 59 (2010) 582-588 https//doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.08.015. One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that the work is original. Re-use of any data should be appropriately cited. As such this article represents a misuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.

In patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) undergoing restrictive mitral annuloplasty (RMA), the ratio of left ventricular (LV) end-systolic dimension (LVESD) to mitral valve (MV) ring size (ie, LV-MV ring mismatch) is associated with postoperative recurrent MR. However, the impact of LV-MV ring mismatch on postoperative recurrent MR, LV function recovery, and long-term survival in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains unknown.

Sixty-six patients with nonischemic DCM (mean LVESD, 62mm) underwent RMA (mean ring size, 26mm) between 2003 and 2014. Recurrent MR was defined as MR grade ≥2+ at a 6-month echocardiographic evaluation.

At the 6-month follow-up, 23 patients (35%) had developed recurrent MR. In univariable logistic regression analysis, larger LVESD (P=.012) and LVESD/ring size ratio (P=.008) were associated with recurrent MR. In multivariable models adjusted for age, sex, baseline LV ejection fraction, and severe MR, only LVESD/ring size ratio (odds ratio, 4.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-25.0; P=.048) remained significantly associated with MR recurrence. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated an optimal cutoff value for the LVESD/ring size ratio of 2.42. Patients with an LVESD/ring size ratio >2.42 (n=30; mismatch) had a lower 5-year cumulative survival rate compared with those with an LVESD/ring size ratio ≤2.42 (n=36; nonmismatch) (52% vs 71%; P=.045). Postoperatively, LV dimensions were significantly reduced in both groups; however, improvements in LVEF were only modest in the mismatched group (P=.091).

LV-MV ring size mismatch was associated with an increased risk of recurrent MR in our series. This finding may aid the formulation of surgical strategies for patients with nonischemic DCM.

LV-MV ring size mismatch was associated with an increased risk of recurrent MR in our series. This finding may aid the formulation of surgical strategies for patients with nonischemic DCM.