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Conclusions The presence of high grade RLS is associated with reduced vasodilatory CVMR in migraineurs. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/idasanutlin-rg-7388.html Further decrease of CVMR of PCA upon aerogenic microemboli passage may support the mechanism of 'facilitation with subclinical cerebral ischemia caused by microembolism', hypothesis explaining the onset of migraine. Abbreviations BHI Breath-holding index; BHT Breath Holding Test; CVMR Cerebral vasomotor reactivity; EDV End-diastolic velocity; HIT-6 Headache Impact Test; HPV Hyperventilation; MCA Middle cerebral artery; MIDAS migraine disability Assessment score; PCA Posterior cerebral artery; PFO Patent foramen ovale; PI Pulsatility index; PSV Peak systolic velocity; RLS Right-to-left shunt; TCD Transcranial Doppler; Vmean Mean velocity.This study tested the main effect model and the stress-buffering model of the mechanisms by which social support affects bereaved single older adults' depression. Data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (Wave 2; N = 621) were used to test a latent moderated structural equation model that explores the interaction between grief reactions and social support on bereaved single older adults' depression in the US. The findings provide evidence for the stress-buffering model (i.e., the relationship between grief reactions and depression, which was strongly positive when social support was low, turned negative when social support was high).Objectives To verify the effectiveness and feasibility of a nine-week benefit-finding intervention on the burden, quality of life, and benefit finding of caregivers, as well as on the quality of life of stroke survivors. Methods Benefit finding refers to the individual, social, psychological and spiritual benefits perceived by an individual experiencing stress or post-traumatic events. A randomized controlled trial was performed in which 68 stroke survivors and their caregivers were recruited from the Zhengzhou community, China, and randomly split into two groups. The intervention group included those having undergone a nine-week benefit-finding intervention, while the control group included those individuals having undergone a nine-week routine health education. At baseline and one-week post-intervention (after a 9-week intervention), the quality of life of stroke survivors and caregivers and the burden and benefit finding of caregivers were determined. Results In comparison to the control group, caregiver benefit finding, quality of life, burden, and stroke survivor quality of life were significantly improved (P less then .005). Conclusions The intervention appears to be feasible for stroke patients and caregivers. The intervention is capable of improving the quality of life of caregivers and survivors, increasing the benefit finding of caregivers and reducing the burden of caregivers. Clinical implications The benefit-finding intervention is capable of improving the health condition of stroke patients and caregivers.According to attachment theory, potentially threatening stimuli tend to activate the attachment system for the search of the protective figure. In secure attachments, the experience of responsive relationships increases the probability of resorting to available figures as a strategy for regulating emotions in stressful situations. The aim of the research was to verify whether, in conditions of mild threat, children's attachment styles affect the choice between caring relationships and food as a form of emotion regulation. We used a mixed experimental design to perform this research. Here, we presented children (N = 65; Mage= 9.4) with threatening and neutral images and, afterwards, asked them to select from images of caring relationship or images of food. The results indicate that securely and ambivalently attached but not avoidantly attached children under both the neutral and threatening image conditions chose the care pictures over the food pictures. Second, only the securely attached increased their choice of care over food images in the threatening condition, and third, this difference was significant when compared with the avoidant children. In conclusion, the results show that although in general the choice of care is primary with respect to food, children with insecure attachments differ from secure children between the two options of emotional regulation.The literature provides that self-efficacy increases if individuals receive more information of their success during practice with a consequent increase in learning outcomes. The objective of this study was to test the effects of different knowledge of results (KR) frequencies on self-efficacy and motor learning. Two groups with different KR frequencies performed an anticipatory timing task on two consecutive days. To measure self-efficacy, a questionnaire on participant's efficacy was applied at different times. Both groups increased self-efficacy during practice, but we found no evidence of the effect of performance on self-efficacy and no group and self-efficacy effect on retention. These findings demonstrate that different KR frequencies do not affect the self-efficacy and learning of an anticipatory timing task.Context/objective At present, there is no consensus on the most effective surgical method for treating symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Total laminectomy, which is frequently used at this time, destroys the posterior midline structure, causing many postoperative complications. We have designed a new surgical approach instead of total laminectomy. In this paper, we aimed to describe the surgical method of endoscopic modified total laminectomy for lumbar spinal stenosis as well as to explore its early efficacy.Participants Patients with symptomatic LSS who underwent endoscopic modified total laminoplasty between August 2016 and August 2017 were eligible for our study.Outcome measures Before surgery and one year after surgery, we measured lower limb pain and back pain by visual analog scale (VAS), disability via Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and severity of back pain according to the Japanese Orthopedic Association Score for Back Pain (JOA), while any complications were also assessed.Results Endoscopic modified total laminoplasty was performed on 22 LSS patients, including eight males and 14 females(mean age = 59.