Leblanclam2056
Children with moderate-to-severe OSA, as compared to primary snorers, also had a significantly smaller minimal airway area in nasopharynx (77.4 ± 37.7 vs. 107.7 ± 52.0 mm
, P = .006) and oropharynx (66.6 ± 61.9 vs. Selonsertib cost 101.6 ± 65.8 mm
, P = .023). Moreover, the airway length was not significantly different between children with moderate-to-severe OSA and primary snoring.
The three-dimensional CBCT airway analysis could be used as a useful tool to evaluate upper airway in children with OSA.
3 Laryngoscope, 131680-685, 2021.
3 Laryngoscope, 131680-685, 2021.Shigella spp. are water-borne pathogens responsible for mild to severe cases bacilli dysentery all around the world known as Shigellosis. The progressively increasing of antibiotic resistance among Shigella calls for developing and establishing novel alternative therapeutic methods. The present study aimed to evaluate a novel phage cocktail of lytic phages against extended spectrum beta lactamase isolates of Shigella species in an aquatic environment. The phage cocktail containing six novel Shigella specific phages showed a broad host spectrum. The cocktail was very stable in aquatic environment. The cocktail resulted in about 99% decrease in the bacterial counts in the contaminated water by several species and strains of Shigella such as Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri and Shigella dysenteriae. Achieving such a high efficiency in this in-vitro study demonstrates a high potential for in-vivo and in-situ application of this phage cocktail as a bio-controlling agent against Shigella spp. contamination and infections.
Identification of children at risk of developing epilepsy after a first unprovoked seizure can be challenging. Interictal epileptiform discharges are associated with higher risk but have limited sensitivity and specificity. High frequency oscillations (HFOs) are newer biomarkers for epileptogenesis. We prospectively evaluated the predictive value of HFOs for developing epilepsy in scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) of children after a first unprovoked seizure.
After their first seizure, 56 children were followed prospectively over 12 months and then grouped in "epilepsy" or "no epilepsy." Initial EEGs were visually analyzed for spikes, spike ripples, and ripples. Inter-group comparisons of spike-rates and HFO-rates were done by Mann-Whitney U test. Predictive values and optimal thresholds were calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
In the epilepsy group (n = 26, 46%), mean rates of ripples (0.3 vs 0.09 / minute, p < 0.0001) and spike ripples (0.6 vs 0.06 / minute, p < 0.05) weestion of treatment. ANN NEUROL 2021;89134-142.Prokaryotic Nostoc, one of the world's most conspicuous and widespread algal genera (similar to eukaryotic algae, plants, and animals) is known to support a microbiome that influences host ecological roles. Past taxonomic characterizations of surface microbiota (epimicrobiota) of free-living Nostoc sampled from freshwater systems employed 16S rRNA genes, typically amplicons. We compared taxa identified from 16S, 18S, 23S, and 28S rRNA gene sequences filtered from shotgun metagenomic sequence and used microscopy to illuminate epimicrobiota diversity for Nostoc sampled from a wetland in the northern Chilean Altiplano. Phylogenetic analysis and rRNA gene sequence abundance estimates indicated that the host was related to Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102. Epimicrobiota were inferred to include 18 epicyanobacterial genera or uncultured taxa, six epieukaryotic algal genera, and 66 anoxygenic bacterial genera, all having average genomic coverage ≥90X. The epicyanobacteria Geitlerinemia, Oscillatoria, Phormidium, and an uncultured taxon were detected only by 16S rRNA gene; Gloeobacter and Pseudanabaena were detected using 16S and 23S; and Phormididesmis, Neosynechococcus, Symphothece, Aphanizomenon, Nodularia, Spirulina, Nodosilinea, Synechococcus, Cyanobium, and Anabaena (the latter corroborated by microscopy), plus two uncultured cyanobacterial taxa (JSC12, O77) were detected only by 23S rRNA gene sequences. Three chlamydomonad and two heterotrophic stramenopiles genera were inferred from 18S; the streptophyte green alga Chaetosphaeridium globosum was detected by microscopy and 28S rRNA genes, but not 18S rRNA genes. Overall, >60% of epimicrobial taxa were detected by markers other than 16S rRNA genes. Some algal taxa observed microscopically were not detected from sequence data. Results indicate that multiple taxonomic markers derived from metagenomic sequence data and microscopy increase epimicrobiota detection.
Vancomycin is a primary antibiotic for the treatment of severe infections in children with malignant hematological disease. However, precise dosing of vancomycin is difficult in children because of high interindividual variability and limited data of pharmacokinetic profiles. The present study aims to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model for vancomycin in Chinese pediatric patients with hematological malignancies.
This was a retrospective pharmacokinetic study.
The setting for this study was a tertiary-care children's hospital.
This study included 92 pediatric patients with hematological malignancies who received vancomycin and experienced therapeutic drug monitoring from February 2017 to December 2018.
A PPK model was generated with a nonlinear mixed effects model. In addition, required doses to achieve target therapeutic concentrations were simulated based on the final model. A one-compartment model with first-order elimination fit the concentration data best. Actual body weight (BW) a regimens were proposed based on the final model.
A PPK model of vancomycin was established for Chinese pediatric patients with hematological malignancies using a nonlinear mixed effects model, which provided a reference for the clinical application of vancomycin.
A PPK model of vancomycin was established for Chinese pediatric patients with hematological malignancies using a nonlinear mixed effects model, which provided a reference for the clinical application of vancomycin.Numerous mutualisms have been described from terrestrial and marine communities and many of these mutualisms have significant effects on community structure and function. In contrast, there are far fewer examples of mutualisms from freshwater habitats and there is no evidence that any mutualism has community-wide or ecosystem-level consequences. Northern hemisphere crayfish are host to a variety of ectosymbiotic worms called branchiobdellidans. The association between some of these "crayfish worms" and their hosts is a mutualism. The outcome of the association is context dependent and can be influenced by host size, symbiont number, and the environment. Here we document in two experiments that the mutualism between crayfish and these worms alters the effect of crayfish on stream community structure and sediment deposition, an important ecosystem variable. We enclosed crayfish stocked with 0 worms and intermediate (3-6) and high worm densities (12) in cages in streams in Boone, North Carolina and Clemson, South Carolina, United States.
