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Barriers were more prevalent among those with dementia problems with technology, frustration, conflict between patients and carers, apathy and lack of insight, anxiety or low mood, and lack of portability. HC and MCI perceived the severity of dementia risk as high, partially mitigated by CT. Participants living with dementia valued a more individualized approach to training, accounting for baseline characteristics.
CT was a feasible intervention for HC and people living with dementia and MCI. Benefits were present, but the identified barriers need to be addressed for CT to be implemented successfully.
CT was a feasible intervention for HC and people living with dementia and MCI. Benefits were present, but the identified barriers need to be addressed for CT to be implemented successfully.Coronavirus (COVID-19) has emerged as a human catastrophe worldwide, and it has impacted human life more detrimentally than the combined effect of World Wars I and II. Various research studies reported that the disease is not confined to the respiratory system but also leads to neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders suggesting that the virus is potent to affect the central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, the damage to CNS may continue to rise even after the COVID-19 infection subsides which may further induce a long-term impact on the brain, resulting in cognitive impairment. Neuroimaging techniques is the ideal platform to detect and quantify pathological manifestations in the brain of COVID-19 survivors. In this context, a scheme based on structural, spectroscopic, and behavioral studies could be executed to monitor the gradual changes in the brain non-invasively due to COVID-19 which may further help in quantifying the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of the survivors. Extensive research is required in this direction for identifying the mechanism and implications of COVID-19 in the brain. Cohort studies are urgently required for monitoring the effects of this pandemic on individuals of various subtypes longitudinally.
Tau proteins are established biomarkers of neuroaxonal damage in a wide range of neurodegenerative conditions. Although measurement of total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid is widely used in research and clinical settings, the relationship between age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid is yet to be fully understood. While past studies reported a correlation between age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy adults, in clinical practice the same cut-off value is used independently of patient's age.
To further explore the relationship between age and total-Tau and to disentangle neurodegenerative from drainage-dependent effects.
We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid samples of 76 carefully selected cognitively healthy adults and included amyloid-β 1-40 as a potential marker of drainage from the brain's interstitial system.
We found a significant correlation of total-Tau and age, which was no longer present when correcting total-Tau for amyloid-β 1-40 concentrations. These findings were replicated under varied inclusion criteria.
Results call into question the association of age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, they suggest diagnostic utility of amyloid-β 1-40 as a possible proxy for drainage-mechanisms into the cerebrospinal fluid when interpreting biomarker concentrations for neurodegenerative diseases.
Results call into question the association of age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid. check details Furthermore, they suggest diagnostic utility of amyloid-β 1-40 as a possible proxy for drainage-mechanisms into the cerebrospinal fluid when interpreting biomarker concentrations for neurodegenerative diseases.
Possible benefits of makeup therapy, in terms of immediate and late effects on cognitive and affective functions, have not been fully proved for dementia patients.
To evaluate the immediate effect of makeup therapy on dementia patients.
Female nursing home residents with dementia received either only skin care treatment (control group, n = 17) or skin care plus makeup therapy treatment (makeup therapy group, n = 19). Cognitive, affective, and activity of daily living (ADL) scores were evaluated before and just after treatments. Apparent age and emotion were also evaluated with artificial intelligence (AI) software.
Makeup therapy significantly improved Abe's behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) score (ABS, *p < 0.05). AI software judged that makeup therapy significantly made the apparent age younger (*p < 0.05). In particular, patients with moderate ADL scores had a significantly higher happiness score in makeup therapy (*p < 0.05), with a modest correlation to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE, r = 0.42, *p < 0.05). The severe baseline MMSE group reported a greater feeling of satisfaction following makeup therapy (*p < 0.05).
The present makeup therapy is a promising non-pharmacological approach to immediately alleviate BPSD in female dementia patients, and the present AI software quickly and quantitatively evaluated the beneficial effects of makeup therapy on facial appearance.
The present makeup therapy is a promising non-pharmacological approach to immediately alleviate BPSD in female dementia patients, and the present AI software quickly and quantitatively evaluated the beneficial effects of makeup therapy on facial appearance.
Despite the increasing amount of research on dementia stigma, there is a dearth of cross-national studies conducted on this subject. This is surprising since the experience of stigma is closely associated to socio-cultural aspects.
The present study intended to expand knowledge about the impact of culture on dementia stigma by comparing the level and correlates of stigmatic beliefs about dementia among the general public in Israel and Australia.
A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted with two age-matched samples 447 adults in Israel and 290 adults in Australia.
Overall, dementia stigma was moderate in both countries. However, the level of dementia stigma was significantly higher in Australia than in Israel. Lower levels of subjective knowledge and higher levels of ageism were associated with increased levels of stigmatic beliefs in both countries. Gender was a significant correlate of dementia stigma, with male participants reporting higher levels of public stigma than women, although this gender difference was mainly driven by the Australian sample.
Our findings indicate that providing knowledge and decreasing ageist attitudes should be key considerations in dementia awareness and stigma reduction campaigns despite the cultural context. In addition, developing gender-specific messages should be considered as a way of improving the effects of such campaigns.
Our findings indicate that providing knowledge and decreasing ageist attitudes should be key considerations in dementia awareness and stigma reduction campaigns despite the cultural context. In addition, developing gender-specific messages should be considered as a way of improving the effects of such campaigns.
Dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are linked to cognitive decline. However, clinical trials have not tested the effect of AGEs on cognition in older adults.
The aim of the current pilot trial was to examine the feasibility of an intervention to reduce dietary AGEs on cognition and on cerebral blood flow (CBF).
The design is a pilot randomized controlled trial of dietary AGEs reduction in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Seventy-five participants were randomized to two arms. The control arm received standard of care (SOC) guidelines for good glycemic control; the intervention arm, in addition to SOC guidelines, were instructed to reduce their dietary AGEs intake. Global cognition and CBF were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of intervention.
At baseline, we found a reverse association between AGEs and cognitive functioning, possibly reflecting the long-term toxicity of AGEs on the brain. There was a significant improvement in global cognition at 6 months in both the intervention and SOC groups which was more prominent in participants with mild cognitive impairment. We also found that at baseline, higher AGEs were associated with increased CBF in the left inferior parietal cortex; however, 6 months of the AGEs lowering intervention did not affect CBF levels, despite lowering AGEs exposure in blood.
The current pilot trial focused on the feasibility and methodology of intervening through diet to reduce AGEs in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Our results suggest that participants with mild cognitive impairment may benefit from an intensive dietary intervention.
The current pilot trial focused on the feasibility and methodology of intervening through diet to reduce AGEs in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Our results suggest that participants with mild cognitive impairment may benefit from an intensive dietary intervention.
At least 90%of patients with dementia experience behavioral or neuropsychiatric symptoms including agitation, psychotic symptoms, apathy, depression, and sleep disturbances. Agitation has been reported to be experienced by 60%of patients with mild cognitive impairment and 76%of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
We aimed to assess the impact of agitation in patients with dementia on healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and healthcare costs.
This was a retrospective analysis of physician-reported patient data from a point-in-time survey. Patients included were aged≥50 years, with early cognitive impairment or dementia. Agitated and non-agitated patients were compared. Regression analyses assessed the relationship of agitation score (calculated from number/severity of agitation symptoms) with outcomes, with covariates including age and Mini-Mental State Examination score. Sensitivity analyses compared patients with 0 and≥2 agitation symptoms following propensity score matching on the base-case covariates agitation in dementia, with the potential to alleviate patient impact, HCRU, and healthcare costs.
Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a prevalent and debilitating chronic inflammatory disease of the urinary bladder. Currently there are no fully effective therapeutic agents available, in part due to the still obscure pathogenesis of IC. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also known as endotoxin from Gram negative bacteria elicits IC in mice and has formed the basis of model systems for investigation. Excess free iron plays an important role in inflammation through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The novel iron chelator DIBI has been shown to sequester excess free iron and dampen excess inflammatory responses to systemic LPS administration and also to Gram negative bacterial infections.
The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of DIBI on LPS induced IC in mice. Leukocyte activation, endothelial adhesion and functional capillary density were assessed by intravital microscopy of the bladder microcirculation following a single intravesical LPS administration with or without intravesicalmals without DIBI treatment. DIBI treated mice showed a significantly lowered increase in behavioral distress scores compared to IC mice without therapy. Untreated IC mice exhibited a significantly decreased threshold force value for evoked pain response and DIBI treatment improved the threshold pain response. A significant inverse correlation was found for the two pain and suffering evaluation methods results.
DIBI reduced inflammatory endothelial leukocyte adhesion and key indices related to pain and suffering over those observed in untreated IC mice. Our findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for DIBI for IC treatment.
DIBI reduced inflammatory endothelial leukocyte adhesion and key indices related to pain and suffering over those observed in untreated IC mice. Our findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for DIBI for IC treatment.
