Laumorsing4290

BACKGROUND The hepatic and pulmonary MALT lymphoma (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma) is clinically occasionally observed but its pathogenesis is unknown and thought to be important to establish the treatment strategy. OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to clarify the characteristics of these lymphomas and the effect of Helicobacter eradication regimen and substance P antagonist. METHODS After the long term infection of Helicobacter suis to the C57BL/6 mice stomach, the whole organ was surveyed pathologically. Histochemical characteristics of the lesion and the localization of bacteria was observed. In addition, the effect of the administration of antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor or the substance P antagonist was investigated. RESULTS We have detected the hepatic and pulmonary MALT lymphoma after the long term infection. In situ hybridization study revealed the positive reaction of Helicobacter suis in the hepatic and pulmonary MALT lymphoma. After the administration of antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor, the bacterial number has significantly decreased and the tumor size in the fundus, liver and lung markedly reduced. Substance P immunoreactivity was clearly shown in the lymphoma cells in the liver and lung, and the spantide II administration induced the marked decrease in the size of tumors. CONCLUSION By our experiments using the long term infection of Helicobacter suis to the C57BL/6 mice, we have detected the liver and pulmonary MALT lymphoma. In situ hybridization study suggested the direct interaction of this bacterium to the etiology of these lesions. Substane P within the lymphoma cells was suggested to work on the maintenance of the extragastric MALT lymphoma. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Leydig and Sertoli cells are essential for the testicular homeostasis. Clinically, the testicular homeostasis is impaired in hypogonadal and subfertile men. Therapeutically, the selective oestrogen receptor modulator clomiphene citrate (CC) is frequently used to treat these patients. In men, the mechanism of action of CC has long been thought to be limited to inhibition of the retrocontrol by oestrogen on the pituitary gland. However, oestrogen receptors are also expressed in the testis. Therefore, we will explore in this review the systemic effects as well as its action on reproductive function. We will describe in particular the possible effects of CC on the secretory functions of Leydig and Sertoli cells and their implication on testicular microenvironment. CC is a cost-effective and relatively safe off-label treatment for young hypogonadic men actively trying for a child or subfertile men with low testosterone with positive effect on sperm concentration. Nevertheless, its effects on the oestrogen receptors and other signalling pathways at testicular level remain poorly investigated. Further research, including with combined treatment, could allow improving sperm morphology and sperm motility which do not seem to be significantly enhanced by CC alone. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Glioma is one of the most commonly observed tumours, representing about 75% of brain tumours in adult population. Generally, glioma treatment includes surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The current chemotherapy for glioma involves use of temozolomide, doxorubicin, monoclonal antibodies, etc. however, the clinical outcomes in patients are not satisfactory. Primarily, blood-brain barrier hinders these drugs from reaching the target leading to the recurrence of glioma post-surgery. In addition, these drugs are not target-specific and affect the healthy cells of the body. Therefore, gliomatargeted drug delivery is essential to reduce the rate of recurrence and treat the condition with more reliable alternatives. METHOD Literature search was conducted to understand glioma pathophysiology, its current therapeutic approaches for targeted delivery using databases like Pub Med, Web of science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, etc. Results This review gives an insight to challenges associated with current treatments, factors influencing drug delivery in glioma, and recent advancements in targeted drug delivery. CONCLUSION The promising results could be seen with nanotechnology based approaches, like polymeric, lipid-based and hybrid nanoparticles in treatment of glioma. ARRY-382 order Biotechnological developments such as carrier peptides and gene therapy are future prospects in glioma therapy. Therefore, these targeted delivery systems will be beneficial in clinical practices for glioma treatment. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an evolving health problem in the aging male population. Chronic lowgrade inflammation is a critical component of ED pathogenesis and a probable intermediary of endothelial dysfunction, especially in metabolic diseases, with the inclusion of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. OBJECTIVE This review will present an overview of preclinical and clinical data regarding common inflammatory mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ED associated with metabolic diseases and the effect of antiinflammatory drugs on ED. METHODS A literature search of existing pre-clinical and clinical studies was performed on databases [Pubmed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Embase] from January 2000 to October 2019. RESULTS Low-grade inflammation is a possible pathological role in endothelial dysfunction as a consequence of ED and other related metabolic diseases. Increased inflammation and endothelial/prothrombotic markers can be associated with the presence and degree of ED. Pharmacological therapy and modification of lifestyle and risk factors may have a significant role in the recovery of erectile response through reduction regarding inflammatory marker levels. CONCLUSION Inflammation is the least common denominator in the pathology of ED and metabolic disorders. The inflammatory process of ED includes a shift in the complex interactions of cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. These data have provided that anti-inflammatory agents could be used as a therapeutic opportunity in the prevention and treatment of ED. Further research on inflammation-related mechanisms underlying ED and the effect of therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing inflammation is required for a better understanding of the pathogenesis and successful management of ED. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.