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Deaths during paediatric cancer treatment are common in Africa. It is often difficult to distinguish between treatment-related and disease-related causes. To prevent these deaths, it is important to study them and identify the cause. The Supportive Care for Children with Cancer in Africa (SUCCOUR) programme enabled a study with the objective to identify the reasons for early death during treatment.

We conducted a multicentre prospective, observational cohort study in sub-Saharan Africa. Children younger than 16years with newly diagnosed cancer treated with curative intent were included from 1 September 2019 until 30 March 2020. Data were abstracted in real time by trained personnel using standardised case report forms. GRL0617 research buy The treating clinician's assessment of the cause of death and signs, symptoms and laboratory values of patients who died during the first 3months of treatment (early death) were documented.

We included 252 patients (median age 6.0, range 0.2-15.0years, 54% male). The most common cancer was Burkitt lymphoma (63/252, 25%). Fifteen percent of patients (37/252) died during the first 3months of treatment. Of these 37 patients, 33 (89%) died of a treatment-related cause. Treatment-related mortality of all patients in the first 3months of treatment was 13% (33/252).

Fifteen percent of patients had an early death during treatment and 13% had a treatment-related death. This suggests the need to improve supportive care. Implementation of supportive care pathways adapted to local circumstances may be helpful.

Fifteen percent of patients had an early death during treatment and 13% had a treatment-related death. This suggests the need to improve supportive care. Implementation of supportive care pathways adapted to local circumstances may be helpful.Meta-analysis is commonly used to compare two treatments. Network meta-analysis (NMA) is a powerful extension for comparing and contrasting multiple treatments simultaneously in a systematic review of multiple clinical trials. Although the practical utility of meta-analysis is apparent, it is not always straightforward to implement, especially for those interested in a Bayesian approach. This paper demonstrates that the recently-developed SAS procedure BGLIMM provides an intuitive and computationally efficient means for conducting Bayesian meta-analysis in SAS, using a worked example of a smoking cessation NMA data set. BGLIMM gives practitioners an effective and simple way to implement Bayesian meta-analysis (pairwise and network, either contrast-based or arm-based) without requiring significant background in coding or statistical modeling. Those familiar with generalized linear mixed models, and especially the SAS procedure GLIMMIX, will find this tutorial a useful introduction to Bayesian meta-analysis in SAS.

The association of sarcopenia with development of knee osteoarthritis (OA) or knee pain in older adults is uncertain. We examined the relationship of grip strength and appendicular lean mass (ALM) with the likelihood of developing knee OA and knee pain in older adults in the Health ABC (Health, Aging, and Body Composition) Study.

ALM and grip strength were assessed at baseline by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and handheld dynamometry, respectively. Incident clinically diagnosed, symptomatic knee OA, defined as new participant report of physician-diagnosed knee OA and concurrent frequent knee pain, and incident frequent knee pain over 5 years of follow-up were examined. Separate regression analyses, stratified by sex, modeled associations of baseline ALM and grip strength with the likelihood of incident clinically diagnosed, symptomatic knee OA and incident knee pain over follow-up, adjusting for covariates.

Among the 2779 subjects without OA at baseline, 95 men (6.9%) and 158 women (11.3%) developed clinically diagnosed, symptomatic knee OA, and, among the 2182 subjects without knee pain at baseline, 315 men (28.3%) and 385 women (36.1%) developed knee pain over follow-up. Among men only, each SD decrement of ALM was associated with decreasing likelihood of incident knee OA (odds ratio [OR] per SD decrement 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47-0.97), and each SD decrement of grip strength was associated with increasing likelihood of incident knee pain (OR per SD decrement 1.20; 95% CI 1.01-1.42).

In older men, ALM and grip strength may be associated with the development of knee OA and knee pain, respectively.

In older men, ALM and grip strength may be associated with the development of knee OA and knee pain, respectively.Cutaneous, hematopoietic, and hepatic manifestations of congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) and erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) can be debilitating. We present our institution's experience with five patients with porphyria who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Four patients with CEP, including three under age 2, received myeloablation. One patient with EPP, with prior liver transplant, received reduced intensity conditioning (RIC). Four patients are alive without porphyria symptomology and with full donor chimerism. HSCT corrects the defective heme pathway and should be considered early in patients with severe erythropoietic porphyrias to minimize end-organ damage. RIC regimens can minimize toxicity in patients with comorbidities.

Epidemiological studies show a consistent and compelling association between the risk of colorectal cancer development and obesity, but its mechanisms remain poorly understood. Evidence is mounting that colorectal cancer can be prevented by nutritional supplements, such as phytochemicals. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivative, is widely present in Garcinia plants. This study investigates the potential role of garcinol supplementation in ameliorating obesity-induced colon cancer development.

An animal model to investigate the effect of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity on promoting colitis-associated colon cancer (AOM (azoxymethane)/DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-induced) is designed. The results show that HFD can promote colitis-associated colon cancer as compared to an AOM/DSS group without the intervention of obesity, and supplementing with 0.05% garcinol in the diet can significantly ameliorate obesity-promoted colon carcinogenesis. The results also reveals that the microbiota composition of each group is significantly different and clustered.