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t that the utility of universal, comprehensive preoperative thrombophilia testing is not beneficial to determine risk of postoperative thrombosis. Thrombophilia testing may be considered in a select population with a history of pretransplant thrombotic events.Cryptococcosis is the third most common invasive fungal infection in solid-organ transplant recipients. Patients with cirrhosis are susceptible to pretransplant cryptococcosis infections. BMS-536924 Outcomes and optimal treatment of patients with cirrhosis who develop pulmonary cryptococcosis before and after liver transplant are still not defined. Here, we describe a case of cholestatic cirrhosis in a 50-year-old woman with a pretransplant asymptomatic pulmonary nodule. She had taken steroids for more than 1 year before she was admitted to our hospital. This asymptomatic case with a lung nodule was detected via an abnormal chest computed tomography. Cryptococcal pneumonia was diagnosed according to lung biopsy results. Testing for cryptococcal antigens was negative in the serum. The patient received antifungal therapy with amphotericin B followed by oral fluconazole, which was then followed by liver transplant. After antifungal therapy with fluconazole posttransplant, a sustained clinical response was achieved. After literature review of patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis before and after liver transplant, we identified previously reported cases with pulmonary cryptococcosis that resembled lung nodule on imaging. In this report, we aimed to raise the awareness of unrecognized pretransplant cryptococ-cosis infections in patients with cirrhosis who are waiting for liver transplant and showed the successful management of a patient with pretransplant pulmonary cryptococcosis.Cavernous hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the liver and are usually asymptomatic. On the other hand, giant hemangioma and diffuse hepatic hemangiomatosis may become symptomatic by causing compression on adjacent structures, rupture, or consumptive coagulopathy. The coexistence of these 2 entities in an adult is extremely rare, and the literature, especially on their management, is sparse. We report the case of a young woman who developed a rapidly growing recurrent giant hemangioma and diffuse hepatic hemangiomatosis with significant pressure effects, raising the suspicion of a malignant tumor. She had previously undergone a liver resection and an aborted attempt at liver transplant elsewhere. As a preoperative measure, with an aim to shrink the tumor, she underwent arterial embolization and chemotherapy. After this procedure, she underwent deceased donor liver transplant. Her postoperative period was uneventful, and she was well at her 6-month follow-up. We highlight the challenges involved and the need for a multidisciplinary approach in managing these lesions. Liver transplant is an excellent option for patients who develop life-threatening complications or poor quality of life due to these benign liver tumors.Segmental nonanastomotic stenosis, also known as vanishing bronchus intermedius syndrome (or simply, "vanishing bronchus"), is a rare complication that can occur after a lung transplant. It usually occurs in the first posttransplant year and often develops in the intermediate bronchus. Definitive diagnosis is established by bronchoscopy. The treatment management primarily includes bronchoscopic dilatation and stenting. In patients who do not benefit from these applications, lung resection or retransplant may be indicated. Our 58-year-old patient developed vanishing bronchus after lung transplant, and recurrence could not be prevented despite repeated bronchoscopic interventions. We applied submucosal mitomycin C injection to the bronchial wall of the stenotic segment and achieved significant benefit for reduction of recurrence. Our aim was to document the first reported case of a patient with vanishing bronchus who was treated with submucosal administration of mitomycin C, a strong fibroblast inhibitor, and to report the outcomes of submucosal mitomycin C administration with regard to recurrence.

The number of patients with organ failure in Saudi Arabia is increasing annually, and transplantation offers the best outcome for these patients. However, the number of donors does not meet these needs.

A questionnaire was distributed to assess the behavior of participants in Saudi Arabia toward different types of organ donation. The questionnaire examined general willingness to donate, deceased donation, living donation, and refusal to donate, as well as paired-exchange donation and next-of-kin consenting.

Of the 1099 participants, most were men (64%) and middle-aged (46%, 31-45 years old), with 36% of participants currently willing to donate or already registered as donors. Although 592 participants (54%) were not yet willing to donate, they believed they could consider making donations in specific circumstances (eg, when a relative is in need). In all circumstances, 10% (n = 108) of the participants refused to donate. With regard to deceased donation, 74% of participants accepted this, but only 29% (tion, living-unrelated donation, altruistic donation, paired-exchange donation, list exchange donation, and next-of-kin consent.

Organ trafficking has emerged worldwide as an important medical and ethical concern. In this study, we reviewed the literature presented on this matter to evaluate the global practices, ethical standards, and legal aspects of organ transplantation.

We adopted a qualitative study design to perform this study, which included conduct of a literature review. The main focus was organ transplantation.

Our review suggested a dire need to adopt ethical principles and implement equitable distribution of organs around the globe as per the respective need.

Further studies are needed to evaluate the role and status of organ recipients to create a much more organized environment for safe and effective implantation of evidence-based principles of clinical transplantation globally.

Further studies are needed to evaluate the role and status of organ recipients to create a much more organized environment for safe and effective implantation of evidence-based principles of clinical transplantation globally.