Langhoffvestergaard3210

Background Voriconazole, a triazole antifungal agent exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity. It is used to treat severe, invasive fungal infections, including invasive aspergillosis and candidemia. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic equivalence of a test formulation (Vorico® Injection) and reference formulation (Vfend® IV) of voriconazole. Materials and methods This was a randomized, open-label, single-dose, three-group, two-treatment, two-sequence, two-period, crossover phase I trial with 7-day washout periods (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02631954). Twenty-four healthy Korean male subjects were recruited. In each group, eight subjects were randomized in a 11 manner to receive a single dose of 200 mg test or reference formulation intravenously over 1.5 h. Blood samples were collected over 24 h post-dose, and plasma drug concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using a non-compartmental analysis, and safety was evaluated. Results Twenty-three subjects completed the study. The geometric mean ratio (90% confidence interval) of the test formulation to reference formulation was 0.9570 (0.8178 - 1.1199) for the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and 1.0720 (1.0262 - 1.1198) for the area under the concentration-time curve from dosing to the last quantifiable concentration (AUClast). The mean plasma concentration-time profiles, pharmacokinetic parameters, and safety were comparable between the two formulations. Conclusion Equivalent pharmacokinetic characteristics that satisfied the criteria of bioequivalence and similar safety profiles were observed for both test and reference formulations of voriconazole.Background Patient transport between acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities (LTCFs) plays a significant role in microbial migration. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated with the colonization of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) among patients transferred from LTCFs. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed medical records to examine the colonization of MDROs. All patients who were transferred from LTCFs and admitted to an acute care hospital with 800 beds in Daejeon between March 2018 and February 2019 were included in the study. We surveyed rectal cultures and nasal swabs obtained for screening vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at the time of hospitalization. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between clinical variables and the carriage of MDROs. Results Four hundred and fifteen patients from 86 LTCFs were enrolled. A total of 31.1% (130/415) of participants carried MDROs; VRE colonization was detected in 17.1% (71/415) of participants, and MRSA colonization was shown in 19.5% (81/415) of participants. No CRE was isolated. Previous use of antibiotics within three months [odds ratio (OR) 2.28; (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30 - 4.00), P = 0.004], use of antibiotics for longer than two weeks [OR 2.16; (95% CI 1.03 - 4.53), P = 0.040], and previous colonization of MDROs within one year [OR 2.01; (95% CI 1.15 - 3.54), P = 0.015] were independently associated with increased risk for carriage of MDROs. Conclusion Our study showed that a third of patients transferred from LTCFs carried VRE or MRSA, and prior antibiotic therapy was highly associated with the carriage of MDROs, which suggested more efficient management approaches for high-risk patients.Tsutsugamushi disease is caused by the bacterium, Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by chigger mites. In addition to the typical dark eschar, various forms of the eschar, including papules and vesicles, develop at chigger bite sites. Macular lesions were reported only in a human inoculation study; the inoculation lesions relapsed as erythematous macules or erythema-based papules concomitant with fever relapse. Herein, we report an erythematous patch as an inoculation lesion in two patients with tsutsugamushi disease, which, additionally, displayed a central small circle of 1 mm in diameter, possibly a chigger bite site, and desquamation around the circle during doxycycline therapy.Background Using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), microstructural changes in commercial dental restorative composites under light-curing polymerization were identified as a modification in mixed positron/Ps trapping, where the decay of positronium (Ps; the bound state of positrons and electrons) is caused by free-volume holes mainly in the polymer matrix, and positron trapping is defined by interfacial free-volume holes in a mixed filler-polymer environment. In loosely packed composites with a filler content of less then 70-75%, this process was related to the conversion of Ps-to-positron trapping. Objectives To disclose such peculiarities in densely packed composites using the example of he commercially available acrylate-based composite ESTA-3® (ESTA Ltd., Kiev, Ukraine), which boasts a polymerization volumetric shrinkage of only 1.5%. Material and methods ESTA‑3® was used as a commercially available acrylate-based dental restorative composite. A fast-fast coincidence system of 230‑ps re of agglomerated filler nanoparticles in these composites, caused by the photo-induced disappearing of positron traps at the cost of Ps-decaying holes. Conclusions Governing the polymerization void-evolution process in densely packed DRC ESTA‑3® occurs mainly in the filler sub-system as positron-to-Ps trapping conversion, which is the reason for the low corresponding volumetric shrinkage.OCT Angiography (OCTA) is a widespread tool for depth-resolved imaging of chorioretinal vasculature with single microvessel resolution. To improve the clinical interpretation of OCTA, the conditions affecting visualization of microvessels must be defined. Here we inject a scattering plasma tracer (Intralipid) during OCTA imaging of the anesthetized rat eye. find more In the retina, we find that interlaminar (vertical) vessels that connect laminae have one-fourth to one-third the OCTA red blood cell to tracer (RBC-to-tracer) signal ratio of intralaminar (horizontal) vessels. This finding suggests that the OCTA signal from microvessels depends on angular orientation, making vertically-oriented vessels more difficult to visualize using intrinsic contrast alone. Clinicians should be aware of this potential artefact when interpreting OCTA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.