Langecelik4844
Create a new definition of near-occlusion with full collapse to predicting recurrent stroke.
Pooled analysis of two studies. Patients with symptomatic ≥ 50% carotid stenoses were included. Outcome was preoperative recurrent ipsilateral ischemic stroke or retinal artery occlusion within 28days of presenting event. We analyzed several artery diameters on computed tomography angiography and stenosis velocity on ultrasound.
A total of 430 patients with symptomatic ≥ 50% carotid stenosis were included, 27% had near-occlusion. By traditional definition, 27% with full collapse and 11% without full collapse reached the outcome (p = 0.047). selleck Distal internal carotid artery (ICA) diameter, ICA ratio, and ICA-to-external carotid artery ratio were associated with the outcome. Best new definition of full collapse was distal ICA diameter ≤ 2.0mm and/or ICA ratio ≤ 0.42. With this new definition, 36% with full collapse and 4% without full collapse reached the outcome (p < 0.001).
Defining near-occlusion with full collapse as distal ICA diameter ≤ 2.0mm and/or ICA ratio ≤ 0.42 seems to yield better prognostic discrimination than the traditional appearance-based definition. This novel definition can be used in prognostic and treatment studies of near-occlusion with full collapse.
Defining near-occlusion with full collapse as distal ICA diameter ≤ 2.0 mm and/or ICA ratio ≤ 0.42 seems to yield better prognostic discrimination than the traditional appearance-based definition. This novel definition can be used in prognostic and treatment studies of near-occlusion with full collapse.
To determine the effect of WhatsApp (Facebook Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA) and electronic mail reminders on oral hygiene compliance of orthodontic patients.
Arandomized, parallel group, double blinded study was conducted on 54patients undergoing orthodontic treatment at auniversity clinic. They were randomized to 3groups, i.e., WhatsApp(W) group, electronic mail (email)(E) group and control(C) group with 18subjects in each group. Group(W) and group(E) received oral health messages once aweek through WhatsApp and email reminders, respectively, while group(C) did not receive any reminders. Plaque was measured at baseline (T0), after 4weeks (T1), and after 8weeks (T2). For each subject, intraoral photographs were taken after application of aplaque-disclosing agent; and the area covered by plaque was measured on teeth12, 13, 43, 22, 23 and33 by planimetry. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version22, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare plaque scores between and within the groups.
Atotal of 54subjects (14males and 40females) with mean age of 22.43 years completed the study. At the end of 8weeks, no statistically significant difference in the mean plaque score was found between the groups at the different time intervals (p = 0.201).
WhatsApp and email reminders did not significantly influence the oral hygiene compliance of orthodontic patients.
WhatsApp and email reminders did not significantly influence the oral hygiene compliance of orthodontic patients.
Schizophrenia patients consistently show deficits in sensory-evoked broadband gamma oscillations and click-evoked entrainment at 40 Hz, called the 40-Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR). Since such evoked oscillations depend on cortical N-methyl D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-mediated network activity, they can serve as pharmacodynamic biomarkers in the preclinical and clinical development of drug candidates engaging these circuits. However, there are few test-retest reliability data in preclinical species, a prerequisite for within-subject testing paradigms.
We investigated the long-term psychometric stability of these measures in a rodent model.
Female rats with chronic epidural implants were used to record tone- and 40 Hz click-evoked responses at multiple time points and across six sessions, spread over 3 weeks. We assessed reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Separately, we used mixed-effects ANOVA to examine time and session effects. Individual subject variability was determined using the coefficient of variation (CV). Lastly, to illustrate the importance of long-term measure stability for within-subject testing design, we used low to moderate doses of an NMDA antagonist MK801 (0.025-0.15 mg/kg) to disrupt the evoked response.
We found that 40-Hz ASSR showed good reliability (ICC=0.60-0.75), while the reliability of tone-evoked gamma ranged from poorto good (0.33-0.67). We noted time but no session effects. Subjects showed a lower variance for ASSR over tone-evoked gamma. Both measures were dose-dependently attenuated by NMDA antagonism.
Overall, while both evoked gamma measures use NMDA transmission, 40-Hz ASSR showed superior psychometric properties of higher ICC and lower CV, relative to tone-evoked gamma.
Overall, while both evoked gamma measures use NMDA transmission, 40-Hz ASSR showed superior psychometric properties of higher ICC and lower CV, relative to tone-evoked gamma.
In individuals with type 1 diabetes, chronic hyperglycaemia impairs aerobic fitness. However, the effect of acute marked hyperglycaemia on aerobic fitness is unclear, and the impact of insulin level has not been examined. In this study, we explored if acute hyperglycaemia with higher or low insulin levels affects [Formula see text] and other exercise performance indicators in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Eligible participants were aged 14 to 30years, with complication-free, type 1 diabetes and HbA
≤ 75mmol/mol (≤9%). Participants exercised in a clinical laboratory under three clamp (constant insulin, variable glucose infusion) conditions euglycaemia (5mmol/l) with 20mU [m
BSA]
min
insulin (where BSA is body surface area) (Eu20); hyperglycaemia (17mmol/l) with 20mU [m
BSA]
min
insulin (Hyper20); and hyperglycaemia (17mmol/l) with 5 mU [m
BSA]
min
insulin (Hyper5) on separate days. Participants and the single testing assessor were blinded to condition, with participants allocated to randomised testing condition sequences as they were consecutively recruited.
