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the investigation provided insight into the current use of recovery strategies by 'LaLiga' teams, highlighting that all clubs used them to one extent or another, but also that significant variability responding to individualized perceptions exists. Moreover, this study provides relevant contextual information that may be useful for professional soccer staff concerning the use of recovery strategies.During the COVID-19 pandemic, government social marketing messages support strategies of suppression (often stay-at-home orders or lockdowns) and/or mitigation (through testing, isolation, and tracing). Success at lowering the virus reproduction rate (R0) depends on social marketing messaging that rapidly changes behaviors. This study explores a potential side effect of a successful antivirus public health messaging campaign, when employees are back at work but the virus threat has not disappeared, that leads to on-the-job stress. The authors surveyed office employees in Shanghai, the People's Republic of China, where a nearly 2-month COVID-19 quarantine ended in late March 2020 and work locations reopened with strong public health messaging to encourage cooperation with continued virus spread suppression strategies-an approach likely to be followed in numerous countries. This study examines the relationship of pandemic public messaging sensitivity with tension and negative emotions on the job. Canonical correlation analysis is used with a sample of 1154 respondents, 4 predictor variables (reference group, self-regulation, media, and risk), and 2 criterion variables (negative emotions and job tension). Results show employees are differentially affected by the pandemic background noise. Those more sensitive to social-level virus risks and more open to reference group influence report increased levels of negative emotions and work tension.Background Expanding access to direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) for treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the national goal for HCV elimination, but important urban-rural disparities exist in DAA use. Evidence is needed to evaluate intervention efforts to reduce urban-rural disparities in DAA utilization. Methods We used Medicare data to compare DAA use between urban HCV patients and rural HCV patients in two states State A with a telementoring approach to train rural providers to treat HCV patients and State B without such an intervention. We focused on DAA utilization among newly diagnosed HCV patients in 2014-2016 and defined DAA use as filling at least one prescription of DAAs during 2014-2017. We classified patient's urban-rural status based on their ZIP code of residence. We assessed overtime changes in urban-rural disparities in DAA utilization for each state using multivariable cause-specific Cox regression analyses with time-varying hazard ratios. Results Among 1,872 new HCV patients in State A, 135 (17.00%) rural patients and 243 (22.54%) urban patients received DAAs in 2014-2017. Although there was noticeable urban-rural disparities in DAA use during the first 24 months of follow-up (hazard ratios [HRs] = 0.73 [0.51 to 1.03] for 0-12 months and 0.61 [0.39 to 0.95] for 13-24 months), the disparities became nonsignificant afterward (HR = 1.06 [0.58 to 1.93] after 24 months). Most DAA users in rural areas (94, 70%) in State A received DAAs prescribed by primary care providers (PCPs). In State B, among 8,928 new HCV patients, 227 (18.22%) rural patients and 1,600 (20.83%) urban patients received DAAs in 2014-2017. Rural patients were less likely to receive DAAs over time (HR = 1.12 [0.93 to 1.36] in the first 12 months and HR = 0.62 [0.40 to 0.96] after 24 months). Only 81 (36%) DAA users in rural areas in State B were treated by PCPs. Conclusions Our study suggests that the telementoring approach may help reduce urban-rural disparities in DAA utilization.Aim The routine use of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) during the preoperative evaluation of surgical weight loss candidates is controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the findings of preoperative EGD in patients who are scheduled for a primary laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The probable effect of these findings on the medical and surgical strategy that was followed is assessed. Methods Findings of EGD obtained from consecutive LSG candidates and all data were prospectively recorded and retrieved from the database. Results A total of 819 patients underwent EGD successfully. Mean age and body mass index were 38 ± 11.3 and 43.17 ± 7.2 kg/m2, respectively. Fifty-eight percent were female. EGD of 263 (32.1%) patients was normal and 687 (84%) patients were asymptomatic. At least one abnormal finding was detected in 65% of the asymptomatic patients. Abnormal findings that did not change the surgical strategy were found in 550 patients (67.2%). Findings such as gastritis or duodenitis that changed the medical management before surgery were found in 309 patients (38.2%). Helicobacter pylori was positive in 218 (26.6%) patients but eradication treatment was not applied in the preoperative period. No pathology was detected that would create absolute contraindication or change the type of surgery in any patient. Only technical modifications were required in 13% due to hiatal hernia. The timing of the planned surgery has changed in only 6 patients (0.74%) (early stage neuroendocrine tumor, leiomyoma, severe ulcer). Conclusions Routine EGD performed before LSG did not change the planned bariatric option in any patient, but led to 13% rate of technical modifications due to the presence of hiatal hernia. At least one abnormal finding was detected in 65% of asymptomatic patients. Due to endoscopic findings, the rate of patients who started medical acid-suppression treatment in the preoperative period was 38%.Background Laparoscopic repair of hiatal hernia (HH) is associated with a considerable failure rate. Compared to suture repair alone, mesh-reinforced cruroplasty may be associated with fewer short-term recurrences, yet its use remains controversial. The aim of this study was to analyze the current literature assessing the use of Bio-A absorbable synthetic mesh in the reinforcement of primary crural closure after laparoscopic HH repair. Methods A systematic review of primary literature in the MEDLINE and PubMed databases was conducted. We searched for investigations reporting patient outcomes in laparoscopic HH repair with onlay Gore Bio-A tissue reinforcement (W. L. learn more Gore & Associates, Inc.) published between January 2008 and December 2019. The primary outcome was anatomical recurrence rate. Secondary outcomes were complication rate, symptomatic outcomes, and mortality. Results Eight studies met inclusion criteria. There were two prospective and six retrospective cohort studies. In the included studies, laparoscopic HH repair was performed with Bio-A absorbable synthetic mesh in 734 patients. The anatomical recurrence data were extracted across all studies, and an objective recurrence was identified in 21/280 (7.5%) patients. There was only 1 (0.17%) mesh-related complication in the included studies. Conclusions The use of Bio-A absorbable synthetic mesh in the repair of HHs may be promising, as it offers low rates of anatomical recurrence and mesh-related complications, but more data are still necessary to validate these findings. This collective review of literature is a basis for future randomized controlled trials to identify the most effective and safe mesh in the long term.Gene regulation in prokaryotes often depends on RNA elements such as riboswitches or RNA thermometers located in the 5' untranslated region of mRNA. Rearrangements of the RNA structure in response, e.g., to the binding of small molecules or ions control translational initiation or premature termination of transcription and thus mRNA expression. Such structural responses are amenable to computational modelling, making it possible to rationally design synthetic riboswitches for a given aptamer. Starting from an artificial aptamer, we construct the first synthetic transcriptional riboswitches that respond to the antibiotic neomycin. We show that the switching behaviour in vivo critically depends not only on the sequence of the riboswitch itself, but also on its sequence context. We therefore developed in silico methods to predict the impact of the context, making it possible to adapt the design and to rescue non-functional riboswitches. We furthermore analyse the influence of 5' hairpins with varying stability on neomycin riboswitch activity. Our data highlight the limitations of a simple plug-and-play approach in the design of complex genetic circuits and demonstrate that detailed computational models significantly simplify, improve, and automate the design of transcriptional circuits. Our design software is available under a free licence on GitHub (https//github.com/xileF1337/riboswitch_design).We present a low-cost clinically viable ventilator design, AmbuBox, using a controllable pneumatic enclosure and standard manual resuscitators that are readily available (AmbuBag), which can be rapidly deployed during pandemic and mass-casualty events with a minimal set of components to manufacture and assemble. The AmbuBox is designed to address the existing challenges presented in the existing low-cost ventilator designs by offering an easy-to-install and simple-to-operate apparatus while maintaining a long lifespan with high-precision flow control. As an outcome, a mass-producible prototype of the AmbuBox has been devised, characterized, and validated in a bench test setup using a lung simulator. This prototype will be further investigated through clinical testing. Given the potentially urgent need for inexpensive and rapidly deployable ventilators globally, the overall design, operational principle, and device characterization of the AmbuBox system have been described in detail with open access online. Moreover, the fabrication and assembly methods have been incorporated to enable short-term producibility by a generic local manufacturing facility. In addition, a full list of all components used in the AmbuBox has been included to reflect its low-cost nature.Ebola virus (EBOV) RNA has the potential to form hairpin structures at the transcription start sequence (TSS) and reinitiation sites of internal genes, both on the genomic and antigenomic/mRNA level. Hairpin formation involving the TSS and the spacer sequence between promotor elements (PE) 1 and 2 was suggested to regulate viral transcription. Here, we provide evidence that such RNA structures form during RNA synthesis by the viral polymerase and affect its activity. This was analysed using monocistronic minigenomes carrying hairpin structure variants in the TSS-spacer region that differ in length and stability. Transcription and replication were measured via reporter activity and by qRT-PCR quantification of the distinct viral RNA species. We demonstrate that viral RNA synthesis is remarkably tolerant to spacer extensions of up to ~54 nt, but declines beyond this length limit (~25% residual activity for a 66-nt extension). Minor incremental stabilizations of hairpin structures in the TSS-spacer region and on the mRNA/antigenomic level were found to rapidly abolish viral polymerase activity, which may be exploited for antisense strategies to inhibit viral RNA synthesis.