Lamontskovsgaard6584
The scale was invariant across gender and zBMI. The F-CIA had good internal consistency (αs = 0.76-0.93) and positive associations (rs = 0.13-0.62; p < 0.001) with zBMI, disordered eating symptoms, and binge/purge symptoms. We found no gender differences across mean scores on the F-CIA, but adolescents with higher zBMI reported higher scores on the F-CIA relative to those with lower zBMIs. Finally, adolescents scoring above CIA cutoffs reported higher zBMI, disordered eating outcomes, and depression.
Findings suggested that the F-CIA is a reliable and valid measure of clinical eating disorder-related impairment in Iranian adolescents.
III; Evidence obtained from well-designed observational study, including case-control design for relevant aspects of the study.
III; Evidence obtained from well-designed observational study, including case-control design for relevant aspects of the study.
One in four hip fracture patients comes from an aged care facility. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of these subjects with their community-dwelling counterparts at baseline, during hospitalization and 1-month post-fracture.
We analyzed data from a cohort of older adults admitted with hip fractures to 75 Spanish hospitals, collected prospectively in the Spanish National Hip Fracture Registry between 2016 and 2018. Adavosertib inhibitor We classified participants according to pre-fracture residence community dwellers vs. aged care facilities residents. We collected demographic records at baseline, along with variables relating to in-hospital evolution and discharge to geriatric rehabilitation units. Patients or relatives were interviewed at 1-month follow-up.
Out of 18,262 patients, 4,422 (24.2%) lived in aged care facilities. Aged care facilities residents were older (median age 89 vs. 86years), less mobile (inability to walk independently 20.8% vs. 9.4%) and had more cognitive impairment (Pfeiffer's SPMSQ >ecline is disproportionately higher among those admitted from aged care.Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) causes a robust inflammatory response which leads worse brain injury and poor outcomes. We investigated if stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine α7 receptors (α7-AChR) (receptors shown to have anti-inflammatory effects) would reduce inflammation and improve outcomes. To investigate the level of peripheral inflammation after aSAH, inflammatory markers were measured in plasma samples collected in a cohort of aSAH patients. To study the effect of α7-AChR stimulation, SAH was induced in adult mice which were then treated with a α7-AChR agonist, galantamine, or vehicle. A battery of motor and cognitive tests were performed 24 h after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Mice were euthanized and tissue collected for analysis of markers of inflammation or activation of α7-AChR-mediated transduction cascades. A separate cohort of mice was allowed to survive for 28 days to assess long-term neurological deficits and histological outcome. Microglia cell culture subjected to hemoglobin toxicity was used to assess the effects of α7-AChR agonism. Analysis of eighty-two patient plasma samples confirmed enhanced systemic inflammation after aSAH. α7-AChR agonism reduced neuroinflammation at 24 h after SAH in male and female mice, which was associated with improved outcomes. This coincided with JAK2/STAT3 and IRAK-M activity modulations and a robust improvement in neurological/cognitive status that was effectively reversed by interfering with various components of these signaling pathways. Pharmacologic inhibition partially reversed the α7-AChR agonist's benefits, supporting α7-AChR as a target of the agonist's therapeutic effect. The cell culture experiment showed that α7-AChR agonism is directly beneficial to microglia. Our results demonstrate that activation of α7-AChR represents an attractive target for treatment of SAH. Our findings suggest that α7-AChR agonists, and specifically galantamine, might provide therapeutic benefit to aSAH patients.
There is increased recognition that incorporating patients' perspectives and insights into the medicines development process results in better health outcomes and benefits for all involved stakeholders. Despite the increased interest and the existence of frameworks and practical recommendations, patient engagement (PE) is not yet considered standard practice. The objective of this work was to provide a roadmap to support systematic change in all stakeholder organisations involved in medicines development across Europe, patients and patient organisations, medicines developers, academia, regulatory authorities, Health Technology Assessment bodies, payers, policy-makers and public research funders, to sustain PE practices.
A mixed-methods approach was used by the EU-funded Innovative Medicines Initiative PARADIGM Consortium to co-develop the sustainability roadmap including background work to identify success factors and scenarios for sustainable PE. The roadmap development was based on the Theory of Change concept and populated with findings from (1) interviews with national/ and international institutions with the potential to increase PE uptake by other stakeholders; (2) multi-stakeholder workshops and webinars; and (3) consultations with specific stakeholder groups, Consortium members and a consultative body formed by international PE initiatives.
This roadmap sets strategic goals for the PE community to achieve meaningful and systematic PE through changes in the culture, processes and resources of stakeholder organisations. It brings in key PARADIGM outputs to work in a coordinated fashion with existing frameworks and mechanisms to achieve system-wide sustained PE.
The roadmap provides a framework for all stakeholders to take collective action within their organisations and across Europe to implement PE in a sustainable manner.
The roadmap provides a framework for all stakeholders to take collective action within their organisations and across Europe to implement PE in a sustainable manner.
A medication guide (MG) is a form of FDA-approved labeling that provides patients with information about certain prescribed drugs so that patients can use these drugs safely and effectively. Given ongoing efforts by FDA and industry to continuously improve MG content and format, we hypothesized that more recently approved MGs for new molecular entities (NMEs) would be shorter and more readable compared to NME MGs approved earlier.
We analyzed 53 NME MGs that were either approved in 2011 (n = 16), 2013 (n = 9), 2015 (n = 12), or 2017 (n = 16) to determine whether MG page length, word count, and readability scoresdiffered by year. Readability was estimated by Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Fry graph (FRY), and Gunning's Fog Index (FOG) scores.
Mean page length was significantly lower in 2017 than in 2011 and 2013 (ps < .0001). Mean FKGL scores reflected sentences and words found in 8th grade textbooks, but mean FOG and FRY scores were consistent with sentences and words found in 10th and 11th grade textbooks.
