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Administration of 20 mg/kg ZMEO could significantly increase chronic seizure threshold and latency while reducing frequency of convulsions and mortality in the PTZ-induced model. In studied doses, ZMEO could not protect mice from HLTE and mortality induced by MES. Pretreatment with L-arginine and diazepam potentiated anticonvulsant effects of ZMEO while pretreatment with L-NAME, Aminoguanidine and flumazenil reversed anticonvulsant activity. In conclusion, recorded anticonvulsant activity of ZMEO may be mediated in part through GABAergic mechanism and NO signaling pathway. © 2020 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.AIMS The purpose of this study was to isolate Lactobacillus from gastrointestinal tract of healthy postweaning piglets and investigate its synergistic antimicrobial and probiotic effects with ZnO nanoparticles (nZnO). METHODS AND RESULTS Of the 128 isolates, Lactobacillus plantarum BLPL03 was selected based on its excellent acid and bile salt tolerance properties. Lactobacillus plantarum BLPL03 was sensitive to β-lactams, macrolides, amphenicols and cephalosporins, whereas it displayed the steady resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quinolones and peptide antibiotics. In vitro analysis of antibacterial activities showed that L. plantarum BLPL03 inhibited the four common food-borne pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli O157H7 CMCC 44828, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 13311, Staphylococcus aureus CMCC 26003 and Listeria monocytogenes CMCC 54007 in synergy with nZnO. Furthermore, the quantitative polymerase chain reaction test demonstrated that the combined administration of L. plantarum BLPL03 fDY This study may provide a potential nutritional strategy to improve performance and gut health of animals with gut microbiota disorders caused by pathogen infections and weanling, and so on. © 2020 The Society for Applied Microbiology.Melanoma, as for many other cancers, undergoes a selection process during progression that limits many innate and adaptive tumor control mechanisms. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade overcomes one of the escape mechanisms but if the tumor is not eliminated other escape mechanisms evolve that require new approaches for tumor control. Some of the innate mechanisms that have evolved against infections with microorganisms and viruses are proving to be active against cancer cells but require better understanding of how they are activated and what inhibitory mechanisms may need to be targeted. This is particularly so for inflammasomes which have evolved against many different organisms and which recruit a number of cytotoxic mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Equally important is understanding of where these mechanisms will fit into existing treatment strategies and whether existing strategies already involve the innate killing mechanisms. © 2020 The Authors. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.The objective of this study was to determine the effect of concomitant alcohol intake on the bioavailability of oxycodone from an oxycodone once-daily (OOD) formulation and an oxycodone twice-daily (OTD) formulation. A phase I, open-label, randomized, crossover alcohol interaction study in 20 healthy volunteers under fasting conditions was conducted. Participants received five treatments, OOD with 240 mL of 0%, 20%, or 40% alcohol; and OTD with 240 mL of 0% or 40% alcohol. Pharmacokinetic parameters did not differ between participants taking OOD with water or with 240 mL of 20% alcohol. There was a slight increase in overall oxycodone absorption from OOD with 40% alcohol but no increase in peak absorption. Oxycodone absorption from OTD showed peak and overall increases with 40% alcohol but maintained a prolonged-release profile. Although it is recommended that alcohol be avoided while taking opioids, there was no evidence of alcohol-induced dose dumping in these oxycodone formulations. © 2020 Develco Pharma Schweiz AG. Clinical and Translational Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.Avian coccidiosis is a widespread and economically significant disease in poultry. selleck products At present, treatment of coccidiosis mainly relies on drugs. Anticoccidial drugs can be divided into two categories ionophorous compounds and synthetic drugs. However, the emergence of drug-resistant strains has become a challenge for coccidiosis control with anticoccidial drugs. To gain insights into the molecular mechanism governing the drug resistance of Eimeria tenella, two drug-resistant strains of E. tenella, one maduramicin-resistant (MRR) strain and one diclazuril-resistant (DZR) strain, were generated. We carried out comparative transcriptome analyses of a drug-sensitive strain (DS) and two drug-resistant MRR and DZR strains of E. tenella using RNA-sequencing. A total of 1,070 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 672 upregulated and 398 downregulated, were identified in MRR vs. DS, and 379 DEGs, 330 upregulated and 49 downregulated, were detected in DZR vs. DS. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed to better understand the functions of these DEGs. In the comparison of DZR vs. DS, some DEGs were involved in peroxisome, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and fatty acid metabolism. In the comparison of MRR vs. DS, some DEGs were involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and DNA replication. In addition, some DEGs coded for surface antigens that were downregulated in two drug-resistant strains involved invasion, pathogenesis, and host-parasite interactions. These results provided suggestions for further research toward unraveling the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in Eimeria species and contribute to developing rapid molecular methods to detect resistance to these drugs in Eimeria species in poultry. © 2020 International Society of Protistologists.INTRODUCTION Although nonlinear burst and tonic SCS are believed to treat neuropathic pain via distinct pain pathways, the effectiveness of these modalities on brain activity in vivo has not been investigated. This study compared neuronal firing patterns in the brain after nonlinear burst and tonic SCS in a rat model of painful radiculopathy. METHODS Neuronal activity was recorded in the ACC or S1 before and after nonlinear burst or tonic SCS on day 7 following painful cervical nerve root compression (NRC) or sham surgery. The amplitude of nonlinear burst SCS was set at 60% and 90% motor threshold to investigate the effect of lower amplitude SCS on brain activity. Neuronal activity was recorded during and immediately following light brush and noxious pinch of the paw. Change in neuron firing was measured as the percent change in spikes post-SCS relative to pre-SCS baseline. RESULTS ACC activity decreases during brush after 60% nonlinear burst compared to tonic (p less then  0.05) after NRC and compared to 90% nonlinear burst (p less then  0.