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future.The study of oxygen consumption rate under" in vivo" human cornea during contact lens wear has been technically a challenge and several attempts have been made in the last 20 years to model the physiology of the human cornea during contact lens wear. Unfortunately, some of these models, based on a constant corneal oxygen consumption rate, produce areas on the cornea where the oxygen tension is negative, which has no physical sense. In order to avoid such inconsistency, different researchers have developed alternative models of oxygen consumption, which predict the likely oxygen metrics available at the interface cornea/post lens tear film by determination of oxygen flux, oxygen consumption, and oxygen tension through the different layers (endothelium, stroma, and epithelium). Although oxygen deficiency produces corneal edema, corneal swelling, hypoxia, acidosis, and other abnormalities, the estimation of the oxygen distribution below the impact of a contact lens wear is interesting to know which lens transmissibility was adequate to maintain the cornea and avoid epithelial and stromal anoxia. The estimation of minimum transmissibility for a lens for extended wear applications will be very useful for both clinicians and manufacturers. The aim of this work is to present a complete discussion based on Monod kinetics model that permits give an estimation of oxygen partial pressure distribution, the profile distribution of corneal flux and oxygen consumption rate, and finally the estimation of the relaxation mechanism of the cornea depending on the oxygen tension at the interface cornea/post lens tear film. Relaxation time in this context can quantify the capability of the corneal tissue to adapt to increasing concentrations of oxygen. It is proposed this parameter as a biological meaningful indicator of the interaction between contact lens polymers and living tissues such as the corneal cellular layer.

To describe the effects of presurgical preparation with an isopropyl alcohol or water rinse on the perioperative rectal temperature (RT) of puppies and kittens.

Randomized clinical trial.

A total of 48 intact female mixed breed puppies and 43 intact female Domestic Short Hair kittens aged 8-18 weeks.

All animals were premedicated with intramuscular buprenorphine (0.02 mg kg

) and acepromazine (0.05 mg kg

). Anesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol (4 mg kg

to effect) for puppies or ketamine (5 mg kg

) and midazolam (0.25 mg kg

) for kittens. RT was measured every minute for the first 15 minutes at the beginning of hair/fur removal, then every 5 minutes for 45 minutes (dogs) and 35 minutes (cats). All animals were prepared for surgery using a 1.6% chlorhexidine solution, then rinsed with either isopropyl alcohol (group CA) or water (group CW).

Mean RT difference between the groups was not significant at any time point. The mean RT at 45 minutes for dogs was 35.9 °C and 36.0 °C in groups CA and CW, respectively (p= 0.74). The mean RT at 35 minutes for cats was 35.1 °C in both groups (p= 0.84).

The use of either water or alcohol as a rinsing agent results in the same degree of perioperative temperature change. Other factors that contribute to perioperative hypothermia should be considered when choosing between these rinsing agents in surgical preparation of pediatric and small animals.

The use of either water or alcohol as a rinsing agent results in the same degree of perioperative temperature change. Other factors that contribute to perioperative hypothermia should be considered when choosing between these rinsing agents in surgical preparation of pediatric and small animals.Multifaceted analysis is recommended for the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). A 31-year-old woman had situs inversus, bronchiectasis, family history of PCD, and compound heterozygous mutations in DNAH5. Her cilia were immotile. Defects in the outer dynein arms were revealed by transmission electron microscopy and loss of DNAH5 proteins in the entire length of axonemes using immunofluorescence (IF). A 17-year-old boy had bronchiectasis and heterozygous mutations in DNAH11. His cilia were motile with normal ultrastructure. The loss of DNAH11 proteins at the proximal region of cilia was revealed by IF. IF could be useful to support PCD diagnosis.

Oral chemolitholysis is a noninvasive therapy for uric acid (UA) stones. Proper patient selection is crucial for success of the therapy.

To develop a nomogram for prediction of UA stones using parameters gathered during emergency work-up for flank pain.

A single-center cohort (459 patients) with singular ureteral stones and available stone analysis was retrospectively reviewed for radiological, urinary, and serological findings indicating UA stones.

A Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test was applied for univariate analysis. Categorical variables were compared using a χ

test. Binary logistic regression of significant parameters was performed to design the nomogram.

Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in parameters between predominantly UA and non-UA groups, including median age (60 yr, interquartile range [IQR] 51.5-70.5 vs 51 yr, IQR 39-62; p < 0.001), body mass index (30.0 kg/m

, IQR 27.25-35.0 vs 26.6 kg/m

, IQR 24.0-30.467; p < 0.001), stone density (435.0 HU, IQR 329.0-528.0 vs 750.0 HU, IQR 548.0-995.0; p < 0.001), serum UA (437.5 μmol/l, IQR 374.25-478.0 vs 321.0 μmol/l, IQR 273.0-377.0; p < 0.001), and urine pH (5.5, IQR 5.0-5.5 vs 6.0, IQR 5.5-6.5; p < 0.001). Radiolucency was more frequent in the predominantly UA group (88.60% vs 32.70%; p < 0.001). selleck inhibitor Multivariate binary logistic regression confirmed age, body mass index, stone density, serum UA, urine pH, and radiolucency as independent predictors of UA stones and these parameters were used to design the nomogram.

We present a nomogram for the prediction of uric acid stones.

We developed a nomogram as a simple tool with potential to be useful in patient counseling regarding chemolitholysis as a tailored stone treatment for uric acid urinary stones.

We developed a nomogram as a simple tool with potential to be useful in patient counseling regarding chemolitholysis as a tailored stone treatment for uric acid urinary stones.