Lambviborg3082

Lastly, we show that the crosstalk between osteocalcin and IL-6 is conserved between rodents and humans. This study provides evidence that a muscle-bone-muscle endocrine axis is necessary to increase muscle function during exercise in rodents and humans.Most prostate cancers depend on androgens for growth and therefore the mainstay treatment for advanced, recurrent or metastatic prostate cancer is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). A prominent side effect in patients receiving ADT is an obese frailty syndrome that includes fat gain and sarcopenia, defined as the loss of muscle function accompanied by reduced muscle mass or quality. Mice bearing Pten deficient prostate cancers were examined to gain mechanistic insight into ADT-induced sarcopenic obesity. Castration induced fat gain as well as skeletal muscle mass and strength loss. Catabolic TGFß-family myokine protein levels were increased immediately prior to strength loss and pan-myokine blockade using a soluble receptor (ActRIIB-Fc) completely reversed the castration-induced sarcopenia. The onset of castration-induced strength and muscle mass loss, as well as the increase in catabolic TGFß-family myokine protein levels, were coordinately accelerated in tumor-bearing mice relative to tumor-free mice. Notably, GDF11 increased in muscle after castration only in tumor-bearing mice, but not in tumor free mice. An early surge of GDF11 in prostate tumor tissue and in the circulation suggests that endocrine GDF11 signaling from tumor to muscle is a major driver of the accelerated ADT-induced sarcopenic phenotype. In tumor-bearing mice, GDF11 blockade largely prevented castration-induced strength loss but did not preserve muscle mass, which confirms a primary role for GDF11 in muscle function and suggests an additional role for the other catabolic myokines.The specificity of antibodies (Abs) generated against influenza A virus (IAV) infection can significantly alter protection and viral clearance. At present, the impact of age upon this process is relatively unexplored. Here, we evaluated the Ab response in newborn and adult African green monkeys following infection with IAV using a strain that enables us to determine the immunodominance (ID) hierarchy of the Ab response to hemagglutinin (HA), the principal target of protective Abs. This revealed altered ID patterns in the early IgM anti-HA response in newborns versus adults that converged over time. While the IgG ID profiles for HA in newborn and adult monkeys were similar, this was not the case for IgA. Importantly, HA stem-specific Abs were generated robustly and similarly in newborns and adults in terms of quality and quantity. Together, these results demonstrate that newborns and adults can differ in the Ab ID pattern established following infection and that the ID pattern can vary across isotypes. In addition, newborns have the ability to generate potent HA stem-specific Ab responses. Our findings further the understanding of the newborn response to IAV antigens and inform the development of improved vaccines for this at-risk population.The blood hormone erythropoietin (EPO), upon binding to its receptor (EpoR), modulates high-fat diet-induced (HFD-induced) obesity in mice, improves glucose tolerance, and prevents white adipose tissue inflammation. Transgenic mice with constitutive overexpression of human EPO solely in the brain (Tg21) were used to assess the neuroendocrine EPO effect without increasing the hematocrit. Male Tg21 mice resisted HFD-induced weight gain; showed lower serum adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone, and C-reactive protein levels; and prevented myeloid cell recruitment to the hypothalamus compared with WT male mice. HFD-induced hypothalamic inflammation (HI) and microglial activation were higher in male mice, and Tg21 male mice exhibited a lower increase in HI than WT male mice. Physiological EPO function in the brain also showed sexual dimorphism in regulating HFD response. Female estrogen production blocked reduced weight gain and HI. Targeted deletion of EpoR gene expression in neuronal cells worsened HFD-induced glucose intolerance in both male and female mice but increased weight gain and HI in the hypothalamus in male mice only. Both male and female Tg21 mice kept on normal chow and HFD showed significantly improved glycemic control. Selleckchem MEDICA16 Our data indicate that cerebral EPO regulates weight gain and HI in a sex-dependent response, distinct from EPO regulation of glycemic control, and independent of erythropoietic EPO response.in English, Italian La cisti idatidea è l’evoluzione di un’infezione parassitaria causata da Echinococcus granulosus ed è una malattia endemica in Turchia. Le cisti idatidee a localizzazione epatica possono presentare diverse complicazioni, e la rottura è una di queste. Una rottura può avvenire spontaneamente o come risultato di un trauma esterno. In tal caso la presenza di lesioni cutanee è molto rara, ma può suggerire la diagnosi. Il caso che presentiamo è quello di un uomo di 20 anni che si è ricoverato dopo un incidente d’auto, e gli è stata diagnosticata una rottura di cisti idatidea traumatica sulla base della presenza di eruzioni cutanee a tipo orticaria. Nel corso dell’operazione è stato introdotto nella cisti un agente scolocida, la parete della cisti è stata parzialmente asportata e le membrane germinative sono state rimosse, iniziando subito un trattamento medico con albendazolo. Il periodo postoperatorio è stato tranquillo. La rottura traumatica intraperitoneale di una cisti idatidea è un evento raro, ma può causare gravi reazioni anafilattiche e una peritonite biliare. Raramente la rottura di una cisti idatidea come conseguenza di un trauma può manifestarsi con lesioni cutanee. Specie se il paziente proviene da una regione di endemia idatidea, in presenza di eruzioni cutanee dovrebbe essere presa in considerazione l’idatidosi nella diagnosi differenziale.in English, Italian La agenesia dell’appendice vermiforme è abbastanza rara, e si riscontra in 1 su 100.000 pazienti sottoposti a laparotomia con una diagnosi iniziale di appendicite. Una donna di 72 anni che non aveva subito alcun intervento chirurgico precedente è stata operata per ostruzione intestinale meccanica. L’emicolectomia destra è stata eseguita a causa della presenza di una massa tumorale ostruttiva a livello della flessura epatica. All’esplorazione del pezzo operatorio non si è trovata l’appendice vermiforme. Prima di concludere per una diagnosi di agenesia dell’appendice, deve essere eseguita un’esplorazione approfondita e rigorosa nella regione ileocecale e nel colon ascendente. Nel nostro caso, la diagnosi di agenesia dell’appendice è stata casuale.Tuttavia, va tenuto presente che l’agenesia dell’appendice può essere presente in pazienti sottoposti a chirurgia con diagnosi di appendicite acuta.