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Depression increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The association between antidepressant medications (ADMs) and CVD remains controversial. Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for CVD. We conducted a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study to examine depression and ADM use on the risk of developing hyperlipidemia. The effects of ADMs on the expression of lipogenesis-related hepatic genes were also evaluated.

We obtained data from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database of Taiwan on patients with new-onset depression and a comparison cohort without depression. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the differences in the risk of developing hyperlipidemia between these two cohorts. We also examined the influence of ADMs on the expression of lipogenesis-related hepatic genes.

After adjustment for comorbidities and confounding factors, the case group (N=38,322) had a higher risk for hyperlipidemia than that of the control cohort (N=38,322) [adjusted hazardsrlipidemia would further facilitate the prevention of CVD.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common mental disorder associated with suicide attempts. When a patient first visits the clinic, clinicians are often expected to make concrete diagnose about acute suicidal risk. However, the timeliness of suicide attempts correlates with patients with MDD has not been tested.

We divided 1718 first-episode and untreated MDD outpatients into those who did not have suicide attempts (non-attempts), recent suicide attempters (≤14 days before assessment) and long - dated suicide attempters (> 30 days before assessment). Positive Symptom Scale of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale, 14 - item Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and clinical global impression of severity scale (CGI-S) was assessed. Body mass index, some glycolipid metabolism and thyroid hormone parameters were measured. A gradient-boosted decision trees statistical model was used to generate equally weighted classification for distinguishing recent and long - dated suicide attempters from non-attempts.

The classifier identified higher excitement, hostility, anxiety, depression symptoms and higher free thyroxine (FT4) as risk factors for recent suicide attempters with an estimated accuracy of 87% (sensitivity, 59.1%; specificity, 61.2 %). For long - dated suicide attempters' risk factors, single status, higher anxiety and hostility symptoms, higher LDLC and lower BMI, the estimated accuracy was 88% (sensitivity, 52.8%; specificity, 49.6%).

Risk factors for suicide attempt among patients with MDD can be identified by integrating demographic, clinical, and biological variables as early as possible during the first time see a doctor.

Risk factors for suicide attempt among patients with MDD can be identified by integrating demographic, clinical, and biological variables as early as possible during the first time see a doctor.

Depression affects approximately 7.5 million parents in the United States each year. Parental depression has detrimental consequences for both the parent and the parent-child relationship. The purpose of this study was to (1) understand the prevalence of parental depressive episodes longitudinally, (2) identify the risk and protective factors for parental depressive episodes, and (3) compare the risk and protective factors for depressive episodes among mothers and fathers.

We used six waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to descriptively examine parental depression over a period of 15 years. We used logistic and fixed effects regressions to assess the association between a number of demographic, health and parenting variables and maternal and paternal depression.

Our sample was primarily Black (48%) and Hispanic/Latino (27%). Fathers had a slightly lower prevalence of depression compared to mothers at all waves (approximately 13% averaged across waves for fathers, compared to 18% for mothers). Factors negatively correlated with depression among mothers and fathers included social support, employment, and better-perceived health. Factors positively associated with depression for mothers and fathers were substance misuse and having a parent with a history of depression, anxiety, or drug misuse.

Our study was unable to identify causal relationships and the directionality of the relationship between depression and other variables of interest.

We found that parental depression is prevalent in a sample of predominantly racially minoritized parents. Addressing comorbidities and increasing social support access may help manage parental depression and ensure a healthy child development.

We found that parental depression is prevalent in a sample of predominantly racially minoritized parents. Addressing comorbidities and increasing social support access may help manage parental depression and ensure a healthy child development.

The ability of facial emotion recognition is often impaired in Major depressive disorder (MDD). The impairment of recognizing facial emotions may contribute to the disruption of interpersonal interaction. Perceived social isolation and social rejection are risk factors for suicide. This study aimed to investigate the ability of facial emotion recognition in drug-naïve MDD patients with first-episode with suicidal ideation.

98 drug-naïve outpatients with the first episode of depression were recruited, including 53 patients with suicidal ideation (SI) and 45 patients without suicidal ideation (NSI). The Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation-Chinese Version was adopted to evaluate the suicidal ideation and suicidal risk in the latest week. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HDRS-17). Facial Emotion Recognition Test and the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS) were administered to assess the ability of emotion recognition and cognitive function.

Our finding indicated that recognizing fear emotions was more accurate in the SI than the NSI group (OR=1.142; 95% CI=1.020, 1.280; p=0.022). Patients with high suicidal risk may have more difficulties recognizing the neutral facial expressions (B=-0.310, 95% CI=-5.031, -0.845, p=0.007).

Limitations include a small sample size and use of cross-sectional data.

Our finding suggests that the variation of facial emotion recognition in drug-naïve MDD patients with first-episode with suicidal ideation and targeting this signal may help identify suicidal ideation to decrease the risk of suicide behavior in MDD.

Our finding suggests that the variation of facial emotion recognition in drug-naïve MDD patients with first-episode with suicidal ideation and targeting this signal may help identify suicidal ideation to decrease the risk of suicide behavior in MDD.

Suicide is a leading cause of mortality in the United States and recent initiatives have sought to increase monitoring of suicide risk within healthcare systems. Working-age adults (22-64 years) admitted to nursing homes may be at risk for suicidal ideation, yet little is known about this population.

The national nursing home database, Minimum Dataset 3.0, was used to identify 323,436 working-age adults newly admitted to a nursing home in 2015. This cross-sectional study sought to describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, examine behavioral health treatment received, and determine resident characteristics associated with suicidal ideation at nursing home admission using logistic regression and reports adjusted odds ratios (aOR).

Suicidal ideation was present among 1.27% of newly admitted working-age residents. Almost 25% of those with suicidal ideation had no psychiatric diagnosis. Factors associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation included younger age (aOR 1.90), admission from the community (aOR 1.92) or a psychiatric hospital (aOR 2.38), cognitive impairments (aOR 1.46), pain (aOR 1.40), rejection of care (aOR 1.91), and psychiatric comorbidity (aOR depression 1.91, anxiety disorder 1.11, bipolar disorder 1.62, schizophrenia 1.32, post-traumatic stress disorder 1.17).

Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study, no causal inferences about suicidal ideation and the explored covariates can be made. The Minimum Dataset 3.0 has only one measure of suicidal ideation the Patient Health Questionnaire.

Factors other than psychiatric diagnosis may be important in identifying newly admitted working-age nursing home residents who require on-going suicide screening and specialized psychiatric care.

Factors other than psychiatric diagnosis may be important in identifying newly admitted working-age nursing home residents who require on-going suicide screening and specialized psychiatric care.Outbreaks of infectious arthritis in young lambs are a growing concern for the Norwegian sheep industry. In other countries, Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD) is a frequent cause of such outbreaks. The objectives of this study were to investigate the causes of outbreaks of infections arthritis in Norwegian sheep flocks, and describe the sources, colonization patterns and genetic diversity of SDSD in affected and healthy sheep flocks. Almost 2000 samples from joints, animal body sites and the indoor environment were analysed by qPCR and culturing for SDSD, which was detected in 27 of 30 flocks. selleck chemical The proportion of positive samples was greater in outbreak flocks compared to healthy flocks. Altogether, SDSD was detected in 48 % of the samples from lambs, 27 % of the samples from ewes and 48 % of environmental samples. A relatively high proportion (67 %) of ear tag wounds were SDSD positive. These wounds may provide a port of entry for SDSD. Whole genome sequencing revealed a clonal distribution of SDSD-isolates, and identified four different multi locus sequence types (STs), among which two STs, ST454 and ST531, dominated. These STs were found in geographically distant flocks. ST454 was almost exclusively found in outbreak flocks. The current study points to skin, wounds and mucous membranes of animals as the main reservoir of SDSD in sheep flocks. However, a significantly higher proportion of SDSD-positive environmental samples in outbreak flocks compared to healthy flocks suggests that also indirect transmission may play a role.Valproate compositions are frequently used to treat bipolar disorder (BD); however, 87% of patients do not report full response in the long-term. There is scarce information about the clinical features and brain structural characteristics of long-term treatment response (LTTR) to this medication. In this study, we aim to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prefrontal cortical thickness (CT) of LTTR to valproate in BD. We evaluated 30 BD outpatients on valproate treatment, and 20 controls with a 3T T1-weighted 3D brain scan and Alda's scale for LTTR. An analysis of covariance was used to evaluate CT measures and a logistic regression was conducted to predict the full response (FR) using clinical features and CT measures. Patients with an insufficient response (IR) reported thinner right frontal eye fields, anterior and dorsolateral prefrontal cortexes compared with controls. FR patients presented thicker right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex than IR and no differences with controls. Patients with mixed features presented increased odds of achieving FR, while CT measures reported non-significant results.