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The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns among physicians and patients with autoimmune disorders about how this viral infection affects the patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs. There are speculations about a higher incidence and severity of COVID-19 in patients receiving a variety of immunosuppressant drugs. However, we reported the rapid recovery from COVID-19 in a 67-year-old male with granulomatosis with polyangiitis who did not experience severe symptoms of the COVID-19 as expected, despite having a history of serious lung involvement due to the autoimmune disease. He received conventional medications to treat COVID-19, though he had been receiving rituximab and corticosteroids before the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Prevention of the cytokine storm caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection owing to taking the immunosuppressive drugs (rituximab and corticosteroids) could be a reason for these unexpected observations. Therefore, this case showed that taking immunosuppressive drugs is unlikely to be directly related to the increased severity of COVID-19.Triage becomes necessary when resources and time are not sufficient to provide the best possible services to all patients. This condition is more common in situations with a large number of casualties, like infectious epidemics. What is apparent is that, in the case of a widespread outbreak of infectious disease, hospitals are on the front lines of infected patient admission and treatment. Since the training of health-care workers is one of the most important pillars of preventive measures in controlling this pandemic, this study was conducted with the aim of expressing the principles of triage of infectious disease epidemic with a COVID-19 approach.

Podl. is a green aromatic perennial shrub that belongs to the family

and it grows widely in central deserts and south-eastern mountains of Iran such as Taftan Mountain in Sistan and Baluchestan Province.

species have been used traditionally as a remedy for various feverous diseases, including malaria, treatment of colds, infections, parasites, inflammations of the liver, as well as dyspepsia, diabetes, hypertension, and so many other conditions.

Air-dried

extraction from all parts of the plant was done using different organic solvents. The methanolic extract was selected for isolation of flavonoids, using thin-layer chromatography. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined based on analysis of mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.

Two flavone aglycones were isolated and identified for the first time from this plant's methanolic extract, including 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',6-trimethoxyflavone (eupatilin) and 5,7,3'-Trihydroxy-6,4',5'-trimethoxyflavone.

Eupatilin is known for its anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In future researches on

, as a rich source of these flavone compounds, it is wise to investigate for the proven eupatilin's biological activities that have been mentioned.

Eupatilin is known for its anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In future researches on A. kermanensis, as a rich source of these flavone compounds, it is wise to investigate for the proven eupatilin's biological activities that have been mentioned.

This study aimed at evaluating the

effect of

exposure in gene expression of

(family of transcription factors), cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (

), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) of the neuronal cell cycle.

The culture of neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y was exposed to

ATCC 33277, and the gene expression of

,

, and iNOS was analyzed by using a real-time polymerase chain reaction.

It was shown that

, a G1 phase biomarker and transcription factor, was upregulated in neuronal cells exposed to

compared with that in control cells. However,

, a biomarker of G2/M checkpoint and iNOS, was downregulated in neuronal cells exposed to

compared with that in control cells.

can regulate the neuronal cell cycle, as indicated in the

,

, and

gene expression.

P. gingivalis can regulate the neuronal cell cycle, as indicated in the E2F1, CDK11, and iNOS gene expression.

The aim of this article is to evaluate the topical effect of camel whey protein (CWP) on the healing of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α.

Forty patients with minor RAS were randomly assigned into control and study groups. The control group applied placebo methylcellulose gel topically over the aphthous ulcer, whereas the study group used CWP dissolved in methylcellulose gel topically over the aphthous ulcer. Healing period, pain scale, and serum inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated before and after gel application. Collected data were analyzed statistically using the paired

-test or independent sample

-test.

Ulcer healing period, pain scale, and immunological biomarkers were statistically improved in both groups with significant shortening of the ulcer duration and significant regulation of immunological values related to the study group.

Topical CWP gel is potentially effective in the treatment of RAS.

Topical CWP gel is potentially effective in the treatment of RAS.

Cathepsin B (Cat-B), a cysteine protease, and cystatin A (Cys-A), a protease inhibitor, are involved in the immune response. This study determined Cat-B and Cys-A expression in oral lichen planus (OLP) by immunohistochemistry.

Thirty specimens each of OLP and healthy gingiva (HG) were included. The expression pattern, the number of positive cells, the staining intensity, and the immunoreactive score (IRS) of Cat-B and Cys-A were investigated. The data were analyzed by using unpaired

-test, Chi-square, and Spearman's rank correlation.

The Cat-B expression in OLP was observed as cytoplasmic staining in the epithelial cells, whereas Cys-A expression was exhibited in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the epithelium. An increase in Cat-B staining intensity was also observed in the basal cells. Conversely, the high staining intensity of Cys-A was observed in the stratum spinosum, but not the stratum basale. In HG, Cat-B expression demonstrated a relatively consistent intensity in the epithelial layer. The Cys-A expression in HG was similar to OLP with a lower staining intensity. The mean percentage of positive cells and the IRS score of Cat-B and Cys-A in OLP were significantly higher than HG (

< 0.05). There was no correlation between Cat-B and Cys-A levels in OLP. Interestingly, Cat-B expression in erosive OLP was greater than in non-erosive OLP (

< 0.05).

The Cat-B and Cys-A expression in OLP was more outstanding than in HG, suggesting possible roles for the process of OLP pathogenesis. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-888.html In addition, Cat-B expression may be an indicator of the disease severity.

The Cat-B and Cys-A expression in OLP was more outstanding than in HG, suggesting possible roles for the process of OLP pathogenesis. In addition, Cat-B expression may be an indicator of the disease severity.

Chitosan is a biomaterial with antibacterial properties that may benefit from maintaining peri-miniscrew hygiene and preventing inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of inflammatory-related molecules from the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) after treatment of 1% chitosan when compared with 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash of patients with orthodontic miniscrew.

A total of 30 subjects were divided into three groups the first group received mouthwash containing 1% chitosan, the second group 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate, and the control group received aquadest. The GCF was collected before and after 4 days of rinsing, and relative expressions of IL-1α and IL-1β, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were evaluated by real-time qPCR.

The expression of IL-1α was the highest in chitosan-treated patients when compared with that of IL-1β in between-groups. Patients receiving chlorhexidine have the highest expression of COX-2 and iNOS when compared with the chitosan and control groups, respectively.

A mouthwash containing 1% of chitosan could suppress the expression of inflammatory mediators IL-1β, COX-2, and iNOS.

A mouthwash containing 1% of chitosan could suppress the expression of inflammatory mediators IL-1β, COX-2, and iNOS.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) has a high prevalence in Southeast Asia with increased malignant transformation rates. Numerous biomarkers are currently being investigated to predict the disease prognosis and for early detection of malignant changes.

A prospective study was conducted comprising 40 subjects with clinically and biopsy-proven OSMF being included in the study as experimental group (

= 28) and patients with no tobacco/betel nut habit, who underwent surgical removal of third molar, being included as control group (

= 12). About 5-μm sections from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were obtained for immunohistochemical (IHC) study. The expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) was evaluated in the experimental group and compared in morphologically normal oral epithelium. The intensity of stain was assessed at different levels of epithelium (basal, stratum spinosum, superficial level) and connective tissue.

Based on IHC expression of COX 2, all the patients of the control group were negative for COX 2, and among the OSMF group, 19 patients (67.9%) were positive and 9 patients (32.1%) were found to be negative for COX 2. The association of COX2 expression on comparison of controls with OSMF was found to be statistically significant (



=21.955;

= 0.000). On comparison of immune expression of COX 2 in different clinical stages based on functional staging, we found significant association of COX 2 expression with the stage of OSMF (



= 7.368;

= 0.025).

The significant expression of COX 2 in different clinical stages of OSMF when compared with normal shows the role of COX 2 in the pathogenesis of OSMF and could serve as a potent biomarker for assessing the disease progression.

The significant expression of COX 2 in different clinical stages of OSMF when compared with normal shows the role of COX 2 in the pathogenesis of OSMF and could serve as a potent biomarker for assessing the disease progression.

The objective of this randomized crossover designed study was to compare the efficacy of plaque removal between a triple-headed toothbrush and a conventional single-headed toothbrush in 4-6-year-old children.

A total of 73 children, aged 4-6 years, were randomly divided into two groups (triple-headed toothbrush and conventional single-headed toothbrush). The children were instructed on how to use the toothbrush by watching a video clip for each toothbrush type and then brushed their teeth for 2 min. The remained plaque was recorded by Greene and Vermillion plaque index (PI). After a 3-week washout period, the toothbrush type was switched, the children brushed their teeth with the alternate toothbrush, and the PI scores were re-recorded.

Plaque scores in the triple-headed toothbrush group were statistically significantly lower than those in the single-headed group in almost all (10 out or 12) surfaces measured (

< 0.05). Plaque scores were not significantly different on the buccal surfaces of the upper posterior teeth.