Kuhnmckenzie8035

Existing e-cigarette dependence scales are mainly validated based on retrospective overall consumption or perception. Further, given that the majority of adult e-cigarette users also use combustible cigarettes, it is important to determine whether e-cigarette dependence scales capture the product-specific dependence. This study fills in the current knowledge gaps by validating e-cigarette dependence scales using novel indices of dynamic patterns of e-cigarette use behaviors and examining the association between dynamic patterns of smoking and e-cigarette dependence among dual users.

Secondary analysis was conducted on the 2-week ecological momentary assessment data from 116 dual users. The Smoothly Clipped Absolute Deviation penalty (SCAD) was adopted to select important indices for dynamic patterns of consumption or craving and estimate their associations with e-cigarette dependence scales.

The fitted linear regression models support the hypothesis that higher e-cigarette dependence is associated with aping research.

This study provides empirical support for three e-cigarette dependence measures PS-ECDI, e-FTCD, and e-WISDM, based on dynamic patterns of e-cigarette consumption and craving revealed by EMA data that have great ecological validity. This is the first study that introduces novel indices of dynamic patterns and demonstrates their potential applications in vaping research.

Tigecycline and carbapenems are regarded as vital antimicrobials to treat serious bacterial infections. Co-occurrence of resistance genes conferring resistance to both tigecycline and carbapenems in Pseudomonas spp. was not investigated.

To characterize a megaplasmid co-harbouring tmexCD1-toprJ1 and blaVIM-2 in Pseudomonas putida of migratory bird origin.

One tigecycline- and carbapenem-resistant strain was isolated and characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation assay, WGS and bioinformatics analysis.

The strain P. putida ZXPA-20 resistant to meropenem and tigecycline was positive for blaVIM-2 and tmexCD1-toprJ1 genes. The gene blaVIM-2 was inserted into the backbone of the megaplasmid pZXPA-20 within a Tn5090-like structure. The genetic context of tmexCD1-toprJ1 in the megaplasmid was identical to many chromosomal tmexCD1-toprJ1 of Pseudomonas species. Plasmid-mediated tmexCD1-toprJ1 gene cluster in Pseudomonas spp. was more common than that in Klebsiella pneumoniae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of co-occurrence of blaVIM-2 and tmexCD1-toprJ1 in one plasmid.

Emergence of plasmid-mediated carbapenem and tigecycline resistance genes in P. putida from migratory birds highlighted the importance of surveillance of novel mobile resistance genes in migratory birds, which may play a vital role in global transmission of novel resistance genes.

Emergence of plasmid-mediated carbapenem and tigecycline resistance genes in P. putida from migratory birds highlighted the importance of surveillance of novel mobile resistance genes in migratory birds, which may play a vital role in global transmission of novel resistance genes.

We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to provide updated information regarding the clinical efficacy of remdesivir in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, clinical trial registries of ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched for relevant articles published up to 18 November 2020.

Five RCTs, including 13 544 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. Among them, 3839 and 391 patients were assigned to the 10 day and 5 day remdesivir regimens, respectively. Patients receiving 5 day remdesivir therapy presented greater clinical improvement than those in the control group [OR = 1.68 (95% CI 1.18-2.40)], with no significant difference observed between the 10 day and placebo groups [OR = 1.23 (95% CI 0.90-1.68)]. Patients receiving remdesivir revealed a greater likelihood of discharge [10 day remdesivir versus control OR = 1.32 (95% CI 1.09-1.60); 5 day remdesivir versus control OR = 1.73 (95% CI 1.28-2.35)] and recovery [10 day remdesivir versus control OR = 1.29 (95% CI 1.03-1.60); 5 day remdesivir versus control OR = 1.80 (95% CI 1.31-2.48)] than those in the control group. In contrast, no mortality benefit was observed following remdesivir therapy. Furthermore, no significant association was observed between remdesivir treatment and an increased risk of adverse events.

Remdesivir can help improve the clinical outcome of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and a 5 day regimen, instead of a 10 day regimen, may be sufficient for treatment. Moreover, remdesivir appears as tolerable as other comparators or placebo.

Remdesivir can help improve the clinical outcome of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and a 5 day regimen, instead of a 10 day regimen, may be sufficient for treatment. Moreover, remdesivir appears as tolerable as other comparators or placebo.

Certain fruits, such as strawberries, may impart cardiometabolic benefits due to their phytochemical content.

Study aims were to assess the effects of strawberry intake on cardiometabolic risk factors and vascular endothelial function in adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia.

This study was a randomized, controlled, double-blinded, 2-arm, 2-period (4-wk/period) crossover trial. Adults (n=34; male/female 11; mean±SEM age, 53±1y; BMI, 31±1kg/m2; LDL cholesterol, 133±3mg/dL)were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 study sequences in a 11 ratio. Participants drank study beverages twice daily containing freeze-dried strawberry powder (2× 25 g)orenergy-, volume-matched control powder for 4 wk separated by a 4-wk washout. The primary outcome variable was the difference in fasting LDL cholesterol after 4-wk interventions. Secondary outcomes were metabolic markers, inflammation, quantitative (poly)phenolic metabolomics, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and blood pressure (BP), with the latter (FMD, BP) also assessed aived phenolic metabolites after strawberry consumption influencing endothelial function. Data support inclusion of strawberries in a heart-healthy diet in adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02612090.

Strawberries may improve vascular health, independent of other metabolic changes. The effect may be related to changes in microbial-derived phenolic metabolites after strawberry consumption influencing endothelial function. Data support inclusion of strawberries in a heart-healthy diet in adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02612090.

Associations between sugar consumption and cardiometabolic health, taking into account the physical form of sugar-containing foods (liquid vs. solid) and the type of sugars consumed [free sugars (FSs) vs. naturally occurring sugars (NOSs)], remain to be thoroughly documented.

The objective was to examine whether FS and NOS intakes from drinks and solid foods are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in a sample of French-speaking adults from the province of Quebec, Canada.

Data were collected as part of the cross-sectional PREDISE (PRÉDicteurs Individuels, Sociaux et Environnementaux) study (n=1019, 18-65 y old; 50% women). FS and NOS intakes were assessed by three 24-h dietary recalls using a self-administered, web-based application. Diet quality was assessed using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010. Participants underwent on-site clinical assessment of cardiometabolic risk factors, including blood pressure, waist circumference, BMI, and fasting blood sampling (glucose, insulin, C-reactivy sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, as well as by diet quality.

Our data from an adult sample showed that unfavorable and favorable associations with cardiometabolic risk factors observed, respectively, for FS intake from drinks and NOS intake from foods are mostly explained by sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, as well as by diet quality.

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are spreading in hospitals, environment and retail foods in Yangon, Myanmar.

To investigate whether CPE colonize healthy individuals living in Yangon and whether clinical-related strains are spreading in the community.

CPE was isolated from faecal samples obtained from healthy Japanese residents of Yangon with no history of hospitalization. check details Isolates were subjected to WGS using short- and long-read sequencers and compared with those previously isolated in Yangon.

Six Escherichia coli strains harbouring blaNDM-1 or blaNDM-5 belonging to five different STs-ST10, ST38, ST48, ST410 and ST8453-were isolated from 69 volunteers. The ST38 isolates were related to those previously isolated from retail food in Yangon. The ST410 and ST8453 isolates were highly related to previous Yangon isolates including those of clinical and food origins.

The analysis suggested the acquisition of blaNDM-positive E. coli, which are disseminating in a clinical setting and through retail foods, by healthy residents in Yangon.

The analysis suggested the acquisition of blaNDM-positive E. coli, which are disseminating in a clinical setting and through retail foods, by healthy residents in Yangon.

Many women of reproductive age experience adverse psychological and physiological premenstrual symptoms. These symptoms may last for most of the reproductive years and can negatively affect the quality of life of many women. Some studies have examined the role of micronutrients in premenstrual symptoms, but the research on iron has been limited.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of genetic predictors of iron overload and low iron status on premenstrual symptoms using Mendelian randomization.

We examined 254 White females aged 20-29 y from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study. DNA was isolated from peripheral white blood cells and genotyped for the homeostatic regulatory iron gene (HFE; rs1800562 and rs1799945), transmembrane protease serine 6 (TMPRSS6; rs482026), transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2; rs3811647), and transferrin (TF; rs738584) polymorphisms. Risk of iron overload or low iron status was determined based on combined genotypes. Binomial logistic regressions were carried risk of experiencing some premenstrual symptoms (headache, confusion, and nausea), suggesting that iron status could impact the risk of certain premenstrual symptoms.

Food reinforcement, or the motivation to obtain food, can predict choice and consumption. Vegetable consumption is well below recommended amounts for adults, so understanding how to increase vegetable reinforcement could provide valuable insight into how to increase consumption.

We sought to determine whether daily consumption of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommendations for vegetable intake induces sensitization of vegetable reinforcement in adults with overweight and obesity.

Healthy adults with a BMI ≥ 25kg/m2 who consumed≤1 cup-equivalent of vegetables/day were randomly assigned to a vegetable intervention (VI; n=55) or an attention control (AC; n=55) group. The VI consisted of the daily provision of vegetables in the amounts and types recommended by the DGA (∼270g/day) for 8 weeks. Participants were followed for an additional 8 weeks to assess sustained consumption. Compliance was measured weekly by resonance Raman light-scattering spectroscopy (RRS). Vegetable reinforcement was tested at weeks 0, 8, 12, and 16 using a computer choice paradigm.