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ncy in high-risk individuals is similar to that in breast cancer patients, and BRCA1/2 testing is helpful to guide breast cancer screening and prevention in high-risk individuals. Patients with early onset breast cancer, bilateral breast cancer, Luminal B breast cancer and TNBC have higher mutation frequencies of HR pathway genes, and HR pathway genes testing should be conducted as soon as possible to provide laboratory evidence for diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and risk evaluation of breast cancer.Objective To investigate the association between metabolically healthy obesity and the incident risk of stroke in people aged ≥40 years from rural areas of Henan Province. Methods During 2007 to 2008, 20 194 residents aged ≥18 years were selected for baseline examination by random cluster sampling and 17 265 participants were followed up during 2013 to 2014. According to the aim of current study, a total of 11 864 eligible subjects were included in this post-hoc analysis. Depending on body mass index and metabolic status, subjects were divided into four groups metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity, metabolically abnormal normal weight and metabolically abnormal obesity. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between metabolically healthy obesity and the risk of stroke. Results The median (Q1, Q3) age of study participants was 54(46, 61) years, and 4 526 participants were men. During the mean follow-up of 6 years, the cumulative incidence of strith the risk of stroke.Objective Due to genetic factors might increase the risk of depression, this study investigated the genetic risk factors of depression in Chinese Han population by analyzing the association between 13 candidate genes and depression. Methods 439 depression patients and 464 healthy controls were included in this case-control study. Case group consisted of 158 males and 281 females, aged (29.84±14.91) years old, who were hospitalized in three departments of the affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University including Affective Disorders Department, Adult Psychiatry Department and Geriatrics Department, from February 2020 to September 2021. The control group consisted of 196 males and 268 females, aged (30.65±12.63) years old. 20 loci of 13 candidate genes in all subjects were detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Age difference was compared using the student's t-test, the distributions of gender and genotype were analyzed with Pearson's Chi-square test. The analyses of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, aon, the adjusted P-value were 0.026, 0.018 and 0.035, respectively. Conclusion SCN2A rs17183814, ABCB1 rs1045642 and CYP2C19*3 rs4986893 were associated with depression's susceptibility in Chinese Han population. The A allele of SCN2A rs17183814 and CYP2C19*3 rs4986893 were risk factors for depression, while the T allele of ABCB1 rs1045642 was a protective factor for depression.Objective To explore the correlation of serum lipids levels of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with sex, age and apolipoprotein E (Apo E) gene polymorphism. Methods The retrospective study method was used, and 407 AD patients (142 males and 265 females, aged 52-91 years) were selected from Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January 2015 to August 2021 as the research target, and 894 healthy persons (339 males and 555 females, aged 52-94 years) who did body examination were selected as the control group. The AD patients were divided into four age groups according to the age interval of 10 years, including 85 aged 50-59 years, 163 aged 60-69 years, 119 aged 70-79 years, and 40 aged more than 80 years. The serum lipids levels were detected by biochemical analyzer, including triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHO), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoproteinA1(Apo A1) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B). ApoE gene polymorphism were detected by PCR fluorescent probas the most common genotype in AD patients, and the proportion was 48.89%. Except for Apo A1(Z=7.821, P=0.020), there was no significant difference in TG, CHO, HDL-C, LDL-C and Apo B levels among all patients with different genotypes (Z=3.732, Z=1.677, Z=1.455, Z=1.619, Z=2.202, P=0.155, P=0.432, P=0.483, P=0.445, P=0.333). Conclusion The levels of CHO and LDL-C decreased while the levels of HDL-C and Apo B increased in AD patients. The dyslipidemia in AD patients might be correlated with age, but not sex and Apo E genotypes.Objective To investigate the influence and critical windows of prenatal exposure to pyrethroid pesticides (PYRs) on neurodevelopment of 2-year-old children. selleck inhibitor Methods The subjects of this study were derived from the Xuanwei Birth Cohort. A total of 482 pregnant women who participated in the rural district of Xuanwei birth cohort from January 2016 to December 2018 were included. Maternal urinary concentrations of PYRs metabolites during 8-12 gestational weeks, 20-23 gestational weeks and 32-35 gestational weeks were measured with ultra high performance liquid chromatography system coupled with a tandem mass spectrometry detector. Child neurodevelopment was evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition at 2 years of age. Multivariate linear regression models and binary logistic regression models were used to assess the association between PYRs exposure during pregnancy and children's neurodevelopment. Results A total of 360 mother-child pairs had complete data on maternal urinary PYRs metabolites detection and children's neurodevelopment assessment. The detection rate of any one PYRs metabolites during the first, second and third trimester were 93.6% (337/360), 90.8% (327/360) and 94.2% (339/360), respectively. The neurodevelopmental scores of Cognitive, Language, Motor, Social-Emotional, and Adaptive Behavior of 2-year-old children were (102.3±18.9), (100.2±16.3), (102.0±20.3), (107.8±23.3) and (85.8±18.6) points, respectively. After controlling for confounding factors, 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4F3PBA, one of PYRs metabolites) exposure in the first trimester reduced Motor (β=-5.02, 95%CI -9.08, -0.97) and Adaptive Behavior (β=-4.12, 95%CI-7.92, -0.32) scores of 2-year-old children, and increased risk of developmental delay of adaptive behavior (OR=2.07, 95%CI1.13-3.82). Conclusion PYRs exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy may affect neurodevelopment of 2-year-old children, and the first trimester may be the critical window.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder. It is expected that the incidence of AD will increase exponentially in the coming decades. The clinical and research application of AD biomarkers has gone through a long process. At present, the clinical diagnostic criteria for AD mainly include the IWG-2 criteria developed by International Working Group (IWG), the NIA-AA criteria formulated by the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) and the "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease in China (2020 version)" released by the Professional Committee on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Diseases of the Chinese Geriatric Health Care Association (Alzheimer's Disease Chinese, ADC). Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers such as Aβ42, T-tau and P-tau are recognized as central biomarkers for AD, besides, the development of new molecules in other pathophysiological pathway that can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD have made great progress in the last decade. This article elaborates studies of the application guidelines of AD biomarkers and highlights the research progress of biomarkers in AD pathophysiological pathway.With people's understanding and development of autoimmune-related diseases of the nervous system, the level of diagnosis and treatment has improved significantly. However, the etiology of some autoimmune diseases of the nervous system is still unknown. There is a close relationship between gut microbiota and nervous system immunity. The research and discussion on the flora will help clarify the pathogenesis and prevent the progress of diseases in the field of preventive medicine. This article summarizes the latest research progress in order to provide new ideas.Central nervous system (CNS) fungal infections are challenging and difficult to diagnose and treat. This article introduces the high risk factors, pathogen spectrum and laboratory indicators that cause CNS fungal infection. As patients with CNS fungal infections are often accompanied by immunodeficiency, it is especially necessary for clinical early detection, early prevention, and early diagnosis, and timely and effective implementation of optimized diagnosis and treatment programs to prevent further deterioration of the disease.Youth is the core force of social and economic development, once the occurrence of youth stroke will place a heavy burden on society and family. However, the prevention and control of stroke in China is mainly aimed at middle-aged and elderly patients, the part of young stroke is relatively easy to be ignored. This article focuses on the characteristics, research progress, prevention and control status of young stroke, pointing out the importance of centering on the prevention and treatment of young stroke. At the same time, it hopes that the industry can concentrate on the prevention and treatment of young stroke, making precise policies in the future, and developing secondary prevention guidelines for the causes or risk factors of young stroke, so as to improve comprehensive stroke prevention and control system. On this basis, the health level of the whole population will be improved, and the life expectancy of residents will be extended, thus promoting the realization of the strategic goal of "Healthy China 2030".Aluminum is one of the most abundant elements on earth. Aluminum compounds are widely used in food additives, antacids, cooking utensils and so on. Human exposure to aluminum is mainly through diet and drinking water, while excessive intake of aluminum can accumulate in tissues and cause toxic reactions. In the central nervous system, aluminum exposure is closely related to a series of nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Epigenetic modification refers to the regulation of gene expression without changing the DNA sequence, and its regulatory disorders can lead to abnormalities and diseases of the central nervous system. This paper describes the regulation of epigenetics and its components, including DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA, in aluminum-induced neurotoxicity, in order to provide insights into the epigenetic mechanism of aluminum-induced neurotoxicity.This paper introduces the distribution of global lithium resources and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of lithium in the human body, discussing the positive effect of lithium in the environment on the nervous system and its neuroprotective mechanism. The tiny amounts of lithium that enter the body through the food chain have been linked to beneficial health effects, such as improved cognition and reduced depression and violence. However, the safe dose range of lithium is narrow, and the health effects of drinking high concentrations of lithium water in high-lithium areas are unclear. It is necessary to study the health effects and mechanisms of different doses of lithium, especially high concentrations of lithium in the environment.