Kudskmcgregor6909

Estimation of ground reaction forces in runners has been limited to laboratory environments by means of instrumented treadmills, in-ground force plates and optoelectronic systems. Recent advances in estimation techniques using wearable sensors for kinematic analysis and sports performance could enable estimation outside the laboratory. This paper proposes a state-input-parameter estimation framework to continuously estimate the vertical ground reaction force waveform during running. By modeling a runner as a single degree of freedom mass-spring-damper with acceleration measurements at the sacrum a state-space formulation can be applied using Newtonian methods. A dual-Kalman filter is employed to estimate the unmeasured system input which feeds through to an unscented Kalman filter to estimate system dynamics and unknown model parameters (e.g. spring stiffness). For validation, 14 subjects performed three one-minute running trials at three different speeds (self-selected slow, comfortable, and fast) on a pressure-sensor-instrumented treadmill. The estimated vertical ground reaction force waveform parameters; peak vertical ground reaction force (RMSE=6.1-7.2%,ρ=0.95-0.97), vertical impulse (RMSE=8.5-13.0%,ρ=0.50-0.60), loading rate (RMSE=24.6-39.4%,ρ=0.85-0.93), and cadence RMSE less then 1%,ρ=1.00 were compared against the instrumented treadmill measurements. The proposed state-input-parameter estimation framework could monitor personalized vertical ground reaction force metrics for potential biofeedback applications. The feedback mechanism could provide information about the vertical ground reaction force characteristics to the runner as they are running to provide knowledge of both desirable and undesirable loading characteristics experienced.Clinical outcomes following posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction are often suboptimal. A better understanding of the biomechanical contributions of the PCL to knee stability under physiologic, clinically-relevant loading conditions could improve reconstruction techniques and outcomes. We employed a servohydraulic joint motion simulator to investigate the kinematics of intact and PCL-deficient knees during simulated clinical tests and activities of daily living(ADL), including gait, stair ascent and descent. PCL transection caused the tibia to be displaced posterior, relative to the intact joint, throughout flexion. PCL transection also increased the amount of posterior tibial displacement measured during posterior laxity testing by up to 9.6 ± 1.7 mm at 75° (p = 0.001). During internal-external rotational laxity testing, PCL transection increased the allowable internal and external rotation of the tibia, by up to 2.9 ± 0.5°at90° (p = 0.001) and 1.0 ± 0.2° at45°(p = 0.001), respectively. PCL transection did not have a significant effect on abduction-adduction kinematics or laxity, regardless of flexion angle. PCL transection resulted in a relative posterior displacement of the tibia during the stance phase of gait when the knee was extended (2.2 ± 2.2 mm, p = 0.045), and when the knee was flexed during stair ascent (2.4 ± 2.2 mm, p = 0.035) and descent (1.6 ± 1.4 mm, p = 0.037). Our results support previous studies of the role of the PCL on neutral joint kinematics and laxity, and provide new data quantifying the effect of PCL transection on AP kinematics during simulated ADL.Uterine diseases affect a significant proportion of dairy cows, causing significant economic losses. Immune and metabolic statuses are associated with the risk of retained fetal membranes (RFM) and metritis. The hypothesis of this study was that it is possible to use such responses to predict the risk of RFM and metritis. Data from cows (Jersey = 143, Holstein = 116) previously used in four experiments were used. Cow factors [parity, BCS change from -28 to 0 d relative to calving, calf sex, calving problems (twins, stillbirth, dystocia)] were evaluated for their association with the risk of RFM and metritis. Blood samples collected in the last week of gestation were used to measure polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and expression of CD18 and CD62L, total blood count, haptoglobin optical density, and concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, and β-hydroxybutyrate. Cows were treated with egg ovalbumin at -21, -7, and 7 d relative to calving and blood samples were used to de 0.98)], and haptoglobin optical density [AOR (95 % CI) = 1.16 (0.97, 1.39)] were associated with metritis. Indexes generated from the estimates of the multivariable analyses to predict the risk of RFM [area under the curve = 0.77 (95 % CI = 0.70 to 0.84)] and metritis [area under the curve = 0.76 (95 % CI = 0.70, 0.81)] demonstrated that polymorphonuclear leukocyte function, non-esterified fatty acid concentration, and haptoglobin optical density prepartum may be used as predictors of uterine diseases.A new family of mononuclear coordination compounds has been synthetized and characterized [M(3-ind)2(H2O)2] (M = Co (1), Ni (2), Zn (3), Fe (4), Mn (5); 3-ind = indazole-3-carboxylate). These materials are mononuclear coordination compounds that possess strong hydrogen bond interactions. The anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds were assayed in lipopolysaccharide activated RAW 264.7 macrophages by inhibition of NO production. LOXO292 Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the complexes and the ligand in RAW 264.7 cells were determined for the first time. The most significant results were obtained for the compounds 4 and 5 reaching values of NO inhibition close to 80% at 48 h, and above to 90% at 72 h of treatment. The highest inhibitory effects on NO production were showed at the range 7-23 μg/mL for compounds 4 and 5. As a consequence, compounds 4 and 5 could be potential drugs due to the interesting anti-inflammatory properties showed. The anti-cancer potential of these compounds has been also tested against different tumor cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the ligand and of compounds 2 and 3 were assayed in three cell lines HT29, colon cancer cells, Hep-G2, hepatoma cells and B16-F10 melanoma cells. The best results have been achieved with compound 2 in HepG2 and B16-F10 cell lines, being between 1.5 and 2 times more effective that the ligand in HepG2 cells, and B16-F10 cells. All in all, indazole-3-carboxylic acid is a promising ligand for the formation of coordination compounds with biochemical properties.