Krogskovbjerg9366

(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).To elucidate the processes underlying the cultural construction of adolescence, this research examined youth's stereotypes about teens in Hong Kong and Chongqing, a relatively less developed city in Mainland China. Youth (N = 1,269) reported on their teen stereotypes and problem behavior in the fall and spring of 7th grade. Youth in Hong Kong (vs. Chongqing) saw adolescence as a time of dampened family obligation as well as heightened individuation from parents, disengagement from school, and orientation toward peers. The tendency for youth in Hong Kong (vs. Chongqing) to see teens as less obligated to their family and more disengaged from school undergirded their greater problem behavior over the 7th grade, with problem behavior appearing to contribute to the maintenance of the two stereotypes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Everyday functioning requires the appropriate allocation of visual attention, which is achieved through multiple mechanisms of attentional guidance. Traditional theories have focused on top-down and bottom-up factors, but implicit learning from recent experience ("selection history") also has a substantial impact on attentional allocation. The present experiment examined the influence of intertrial priming on attentional guidance in people with schizophrenia and matched control subjects. Participants searched for a color pop-out target, which switched randomly between a red target among blue distractors and a blue target among red distractors. We found that performance on the current trial was more influenced by the previous-trial target color in people with schizophrenia than in control subjects. Moreover, this implicit priming effect was greater in individuals with lower working memory capacity (as measured in a separate task). These results suggest that intertrial priming has an exaggerated impact on attentional guidance in people with schizophrenia and that this is associated with other aspects of impaired cognition. Overall, these results are consistent with the hyperfocusing hypothesis, which proposes that a single underlying attentional abnormality may explain a range of atypical effects across perception, attention, and cognition in schizophrenia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Positive symptoms of schizophrenia and its extended phenotype-often termed psychoticism or positive schizotypy-are characterized by the inclusion of novel, erroneous mental contents. One promising framework for explaining positive symptoms involves apophenia, conceptualized here as a disposition toward false-positive errors. Apophenia and positive symptoms have shown relations to openness to experience (more specifically, to the openness aspect of the broader openness/intellect domain), and all of these constructs involve tendencies toward pattern seeking. Nonetheless, few studies have investigated the relations between psychoticism and non-self-report indicators of apophenia, let alone the role of normal personality variation. The current research used structural equation models to test associations between psychoticism, openness, intelligence, and non-self-report indicators of apophenia comprising false-positive error rates on a variety of computerized tasks. Y-27632 In Sample 1, 1,193 participants completed digit sorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Reports an error in "Best research practices in clinical science Reflections on the status quo and charting a path forward" by June Gruber and Jutta Joormann (Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2020[Jan], Vol 129[1], 1-4). In the article, an incomplete sentence in the abstract read "This special section aims to take stock of current practices in our field and to reflect on them by providing user-friendly articles on common practices across a variety of methodologies in." The complete sentence is as follows "This special section aims to take stock of current practices in our field and to reflect on them by providing user-friendly articles on common practices across a variety of methodologies in clinical science." The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2019-79779-001.) Clinical psychological science is a rapidly evolving field using a diverse set of methods in various populations. Many of our common research practices and everyday dthese sensitive populations. The contributors to this special issue represent a diverse group whose efforts target a variety of settings and processes with the ultimate goal of increasing transparency surrounding our everyday decisions about designs, methods, and data analysis. We hope that each of the pieces in this section offer inspiration and provide a resource as well as a starting point for further discussion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Reports an error in "Temporal associations between sleep quality and paranoia across the paranoia continuum An experience sampling study" by Zuzana Kasanova, Michal Hajdúk, Viviane Thewissen and Inez Myin-Germeys (Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2020[Jan], Vol 129[1], 122-130). In the article, the affiliation for Inez Myin-Germeys should have included the School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University. In addition, the following acknowledgment of funding was missing from the author note "This project received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement 777084." The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2019-42677-001.) Sleep disturbances are prevalent among individuals with a psychotic disorder and have been linked to symptoms of paranoia across the entire psychosis continuum. Emerging evidence suggests that rather than a secondary symptom, poor quality ortant target of transdiagnostic interventions for psychotic and affective symptomatology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Increasing sensitivity due to alcohol intake has been explored using molecular and cellular mechanisms of sensitization and adaptive biobehavioral changes as well as through negative experiences of altered function during withdrawal. However, within both a preclinical and human laboratory setting, little has been elucidated toward understanding the neural substrates of decreased sensitivity to alcohol effects, that is, alcohol tolerance. More paradigms assessing alcohol tolerance are needed. Tolerance can be assessed through both self-reported response (subjective) and observed (objective) measurements. Therefore, sensitivity to alcohol is an exploitable variable that can be utilized to disentangle the diverse alcohol use disorder (AUD) phenotypical profile. This literature review focuses on preclinical models and human laboratory studies to evaluate alcohol tolerance and its modulating factors. Increased understanding of alcohol tolerance has the potential to reduce gaps between preclinical models and human laboratory studies to better evaluate the development of alcohol-related biobehavioral responses.