Krogsgaardstephens4155

Conclusion IPNB has increased predilection for extrahepatic bile ducts, commonly presenting as either an intraluminal polypoidal mass with associated upstream biliary ductal dilation or a focal plaque like mass with associated ductal stricture at the site of the tumor.Recent work demonstrated that it is possible to identify motor unit discharge times from high-density surface EMG (HDEMG) decomposition. Since then, the number of studies that use HDEMG decomposition for motor unit investigations has increased considerably. Although HDEMG decomposition is a semi-automatic process, the analysis and interpretation of the motor unit pulse trains requires a thorough inspection of the output of the decomposition result. Here, we report guidelines to perform an accurate extraction of motor unit discharge times and interpretation of the signals. This tutorial includes a discussion of the differences between the extraction of global EMG signal features versus the identification of motor unit activity for physiological investigations followed by a comprehensive guide on how to acquire, inspect, and decompose HDEMG signals, and robust extraction of motor unit discharge characteristics.Herein, we developed a multi-analyte fluorescence immunoassay for detection of three organophosphate pesticides (triazophos, parathion, and chlorpyrifos) in various agro-products (rice, wheat, cucumber, cabbage, and apple) using fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide and gold nanoparticle (AuNP) signal amplification technology. The AuNP probes for the three analytes were constructed by simultaneously modifying the corresponding antibodies and fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides on the probe surface. Three fluorophores (6-FAM, Cy3, and Texas red) with high fluorescence intensity and little overlap of excitation/emission wavelengths were selected. The method showed satisfactory linearity for triazophos, parathion, and chlorpyrifos in the ranges of 0.01-20, 0.05-50, and 0.5-1000 μg/L, respectively. For the 3 analytes, the limits of detection (LODs) were 0.007, 0.009, and 0.087 μg/L, respectively. The average recoveries were 77.7-113.6%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 7.1-17.1% in various food matrices. The proposed method offers great potential in food safety surveillance, and could be used as well as a reference for multi-residue analysis of other small-molecule contaminants.Coriander contains petroselinic acid, an isomer fatty acid of oleic acid. Coriander seed oil has been proposed as novel food ingredient in the European Union. Field experiments were performed at Auch (France) during two seasons (2010 and 2011). From flowering to maturity, fruits were harvested weekly and oil content and fatty acid (FA) compositions were determined. Fruits presented 2% more oil in 2010 than in 2011. Petroselinic acid (PA) contents was higher in 2011 than in 2010. Oil accumulation began earlier after flowering (2 DAF) in 2011. A first step in accumulation was identified between two and 21 DAF characterized by high SFA and PUFA, which decreased 21 DAF. Subsequently, PA increased to its highest concentration (30-55 DAF) and SFA and PUFA reached their lowest. These results suggest that higher concentrations of PA can be achieved by collecting fruits before full maturity.This work reports on theeffect of heat treatment on the protein conformational stabilityof intact and post-translationallycleaved peanut allergen Ara h 6 in relation to IgE-binding. Intact and post-translationallycleaved Ara h 6 are structurally similar and theirstrong resistance to denaturant-inducedunfolding is comparable. Only upon exposure toautoclave conditions the twoforms of Ara h 6 demonstrated susceptibility toirreversible denaturationresulting in a significant decrease in IgE-binding potency. Thisreduction isfor the intact protein more pronounced than for than for the cleaved form. This isattributed to less conformational constrains of the cleaved form comparedtointact, as suggested by the 2-fold lower activation energy for unfoldingfound for the cleavedform. Overall, harsh conditionsare required to denature Ara h 6 and to significantly reduce its IgE-bindingpotency. The cleavedform possesses more resistance to such denaturation than the intactform.This study investigates the effect of flat sweep frequency and pulsed ultrasound (FSFPU) pretreatment prior to vacuum pulsation (VP) drying on water migration and quality attributes of okra pods. The results showed that the moisture diffusion was the fastest in VP drying process when FSFPU pretreatment parameters were set as 40 kHz, 25.0 W/L, sweep period 18-180 ms and amplitude ± 1 kHz. In addition, FSFPU pretreatment caused the change of microstructure (villi and xylem), resulting in significant decrease of drying time required. The VP dried okra pods with FSFPU pretreatment had features i) increased total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity; ii) no significant changes of total flavonoids contents; iii) a lower chlorophyll degradation (13.5% less), higher hardness and frangibility, and a lower total color change (reduced browning index); iv) reduced negative effects on the flavor. Therefore, the use of FSFPU pretreatment prior to VP drying is suggested.A rapid Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) method to detect SO2 in wine is presented, exploiting the preferential binding of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with sulfur-containing species. This interaction promotes the agglomeration of the AgNPs and inducing the formation of SERS "hot spots" responsible for SO2 signals enhancement. For increasing SO2 concentrations from 0 to100 mg/l in wine simulant, SERS intensity showed an increasing trend, following a Langmuir absorption function (R2 = 0.94). Due to the wine matrix variability, a standard additions method was then employed for quantitative analysis in red and white wines. This method does not require the SO2 separation but only a matrix pre-cleaning by solid phase extraction. The limit of detection (LOD) was defined for each wine tested, ranging from 0.6 mg/l to 9.6 mg/l. The results obtained were validated by comparison with the International Organization of Vine and Wine method (OIV-MA-AS323-04A).Biocompatible magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (BMMIPs) were prepared with Zein for the first time, and were used to enrich tetracycline compounds selectively. Innovative combination of BMMIPs and electrochemistry to obtain lower detection line to satisfy industrial detection demands. Using Zein as the crosslinking agent, the polymers were synthesized on the surface of Fe3O4 particles. The scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction technologies were used to characterize BMMIPs. Through optimization, BMMIPs attained large adsorption capacity (236.40 mg/g) with fast kinetics (40 min) and followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. BMMIPs had good recognition ability, the selective factors of oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline were 4.78, 4.23, and 3.39, respectively. Excellent linearity was attained in the range of 0.025-500 μg/mL, with low detection limits and low quantitation limits of 0.025 and 0.083 μg/mL. According to our exploring, BMMIPs was ideal materials for enrichment of tetracycline in complex biological samples.Polyethylene glycol (PEG) are widely applied in detergents, cosmetics, and food additives. A simultaneous analytical method was developed to detection the polyethylene glycol (100-10000 Da). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) could analyze successively PEG products. The method was verified with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The retention times of PEG 200-8000 ranged from 1.97 to 12.33 min. Method validation was performed to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS); linearity R2 > 0.997, LOD 7.47-16.24 µg/mL, LOQ 22.40-75 µg/mL, repeatability (%RSD) 0.2-2.5, recovery (%) 90.4-104.9% for film-coated tablet, 80.1-95.9% for sugar-coated tablet. A total of 115 PEG could be identified by extracted ion chromatography in mass analysis, based on the charge state represented as [M+Na++H3O+n-1]. This method can be applied for successive identification of PEGs in PEG-containing products.This investigation reports the effect of droplet size behavior on the overall lipolysis profile and molecular lipolysis mechanisms under in vitro gastric conditions. selleck chemicals O/W emulsions (5% triolein, 1% sodium taurodeoxycholate) with different initial droplet sizes (fine 0.58 μm; medium 1.82 μm; and large 4.00 μm) were subjected to static in vitro digestion. For the first time, multiple lipolysis products including diolein and monoolein regioisomers were quantified within a single HPLC run. An inverse relation was found between the droplet size and the initial rate and final extent of lipolysis based on the digested triolein. Furthermore, a mechanistic gastric lipolysis model was established based on a reaction scheme including enzymatic and chemical isomerization conversions. The estimated rate of the sn-1/3 hydrolysis was around two- to thirty-fold faster compared to the rates of sn-2 cleavage and isomerization, respectively. These findings resulted in a profound insight in in vitro gastric molecular lipolysis mechanisms.Dry cultivation of high-yielding or drought-resistant rice cultivars relieves the current pressure on rice cultivation systems. However, the metabolites and metabolic pathways that affect rice quality in high-yield or drought-resistant rice cultivars under dry cultivation have not yet been explored. A field experiment was conducted in 2017 to explore the effects of flooding irrigation (F) and dry cultivation (D) of high-yield and -quality cultivars (Huanghuazhan, HH; Yueyou9113, YY) and a drought-resistant cultivar (Hanyou73, HY) on rice quality traits using metabolomic analysis. Treatment DHH maintained higher head rice yield, amylose content, protein content, and breakdown values and a lower whiteness index and setback value than other cultivars under dry cultivation. These rice quality traits were related to 16 metabolites and 8 metabolic pathways. DHH showed decreases in stress response metabolites (m72, m98, m127, m165, m167, m213, m297, and m298) but maintained stress resistance (m29, m30, m39, m48, and m58) and sucrose (m150) accumulation in grains to support head rice yields and a low whiteness index. Raising the lactose, choline, and nicotinoylcholine levels in rice grains improved their protein content and cooking quality. DHH also adjusted the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, galactose metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism of rice. This affected the biosynthesis of anthocyanin, phenylpropanoid, and flavonoid, supporting protein biosynthesis and starch accumulation in the endosperm. These findings provide further possibilities for improving rice quality traits of high-yield and -quality rice cultivars under dry cultivation.Tannic acid is often used as additive in beers and is an important parameter to be evaluated in quality control of beverages. Thus, this paper describes the improvement of a carbon paste electrode through its modification with poly(ethylene glycol) for determination of tannic acid in beers. Microscopic and electrochemical techniques were used to characterize the modified surface. The electrochemical behavior of tannic acid and the optimization of experimental parameters (pH, supporting electrolyte and accumulation step) on the modified surface were performed by cyclic voltammetry. The calibration plot for tannic acid by differential pulse voltammetry was linear in the range of 0.08-2.10 μmol L-1 with limits of detection and quantification of 72.6 and 220 nmol L-1, respectively. Lastly, the carbon paste electrode improved with poly(ethylene glycol) was effectively implemented in the quantification of tannic acid in beer samples. The results were similar to those furnished by the Folin-Ciocalteu method.