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In older adults, increases in physical activity may prevent decline in lower-extremity function, but whether the benefit differs according to metabolic syndrome (MetS) status is uncertain. We aim to investigate whether structured physical activity is associated with less decline in lower-extremity function among older adults with versus without MetS.

We used data from the multicenter Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) study to analyze 1535 sedentary functionally-vulnerable women and men, aged 70 to 89years old, assessed every 6months (February 2010-December 2013) for an average of 2.7years. Participants were randomized to a structured, moderate-intensity physical activity intervention (PA; n=766) or health education program (HE; n=769). MetS was defined according to the 2009 multi-agency harmonized criteria. Lower-extremity function was assessed by 400-m walking speed and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score.

763 (49.7%) participants met criteria for MetS at baseline. Relative to HE, PA was associated with faster 400-m walking speed among participants with MetS (P<0.001) but not among those without MetS (P=0.91), although the test for statistical interaction was marginally non-significant (P=0.07). In contrast, no benefit of PA versus HE was observed on the SPPB score in either MetS subgroup.

Among older adults at high risk for mobility disability, moderate-intensity physical activity conveys significant benefits in 400-m walking speed but not SPPB in those with, but not without, MetS. The LIFE physical activity program may be an effective strategy for maintaining or improving walking speed among vulnerable older adults with MetS.

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT01072500.

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT01072500.

Tumour growth during radiotherapy may lead to geographical misses of the target volume. This study investigates the evolution of the tumour extent and evaluates the need for plan adaptation to ensure dose coverage of the target in glioblastoma patients.

The prospective study included 29 patients referred for 59.4Gy in 33 fractions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at the time of treatment planning, at fraction 10, 20, 30, and three weeks after the end of radiotherapy. The gross tumour volume (GTV) was defined as the T1w contrast-enhanced region plus the surgical cavity on each MRI set. The relative GTV volume and the maximum distance (D

) of the extent of the actual GTV outside the original GTV were measured. Based on the location of the actual GTV during radiotherapy and the original planned dose, a prospective clinical decision was made whether to adapt the treatment.

Dose coverage of the GTV during radiotherapy was not compromised, and none of the radiotherapy plans was adapted. The median D

(range) was 5.7 (2.0-18.9) mm, 8.0 (2.0-27.4) mm, 8.0 (1.9-27.3) mm, and 8.9 (1.9-34.4) mm at fraction 10, 20, 30, and follow-up. The relative GTV volume and D

observed at fraction 10 were correlated with the values observed at follow-up (R=0.74, p<0.001 and R=0.79, p<0.001, respectively).

Large variations in the GTV extent were observed, and changes often occurred early in the treatment. Plan adaptation for geographical misses was not performed in our cohort due to sufficient CTV margins.

Large variations in the GTV extent were observed, and changes often occurred early in the treatment. Plan adaptation for geographical misses was not performed in our cohort due to sufficient CTV margins.

The potential impact of daytime and season of radiotherapy application on prognosis is unclear. This was analyzed in a retrospective cohort of patients who were diagnosed with non-metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and treated with definitive radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy.

Patient and tumor characteristics, treatment parameters and outcome until last follow-up or death were obtained. Median radiotherapy delivery daytime of each patient was categorized as morning (AM) and afternoon (PM). Treatment season was defined by median date of treatment course. Each year was divided into DARK and LIGHT according to equinoxes. Time-to-event endpoints were defined by first biopsy confirming the HNSCC.

Six hundred fifty-five cases were identified who were treated with (chemo)radiotherapy between 2002 and 2015. Median follow-up was 47months. No significant heterogeneity in patient, tumor and treatment characteristics were observed between DARK and LIGHT or regarding median daily fraction time (X2 p>0.05). Five-year loco-regional control (73% vs. 61%; p=0.0108) and progression-free survival (51% vs. 43%; p=0.0374) were superior when radiotherapy was administered in DARK. Neither the daytime nor any other treatment time-related parameter affected prognosis.

This is the first study investigating and presenting the prognostic impact of seasonality regarding the treatment course on loco-regional control and progression-free survival (DARK>LIGHT). The biological mechanism of action is unclear. These results should be interpreted with caution and our findings have to be validated externally.

LIGHT). read more The biological mechanism of action is unclear. These results should be interpreted with caution and our findings have to be validated externally.Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes that crucially contribute to host defense against pathogens but are also involved in the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases. Inflammasome formation leads to activation of effector caspases (caspase-1, 4, 5, or 11), the proteolytic maturation of IL-1β and IL-18 as well as cleavage of the pore-forming protein Gasdermin D. Dendritic cells are major regulators of immune responses as they bridge innate and adaptive immunity. We here summarize the current knowledge on inflammasome expression and formation in murine bone marrow-, human monocyte-derived as well as murine and human primary dendritic cells. Further, we discuss both, the beneficial and detrimental, involvement of inflammasome activation in dendritic cells in cancer, infections, and autoimmune diseases. As inflammasome activation is typically accompanied by Gasdermin d-mediated pyroptosis, which is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, inflammasome formation in dendritic cells seems ill-advised.