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20 [1.04 - 9.79]), family asthma (3.16 [1.46 - 6.86]) and seasonal allergic symptoms (5.61 [2.56 - 12.27]) at baseline were independently associated with incident wheeze. click here CONCLUSION Data stratified by gender showed that obesity in girls and an atopic constitution in boys were independently associated with increased risk of developing wheeze within four years. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND AND AIM Whether diminutive or small adenomas detected by fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) are associated with a higher risk of advanced histology remains unknown. We investigated the prevalence of advanced histology in diminutive and small adenomas detected by FIT and compared with that detected by colonoscopy screening. METHODS We prospectively compared 1,860 FIT-positive patients (FIT-positive cohort) and 6,691 average-risk patients (screening colonoscopy cohort). Both groups underwent colonoscopies and were shown to have neoplastic lesions. The prevalence of advanced histology was determined, as was the associations with size and FIT positivity. RESULTS We analyzed 3,920 neoplastic lesions from the FIT-positive cohort and 9,789 neoplastic lesions from the screening colonoscopy cohort. Eighty (4.3%) diminutive lesions in FIT-positive cohort had advanced histology but without any invasive cancer. Twenty-one patients in the FIT-positive cohort and 49 in the screening colonoscopy cohort with diminutive adenomas displayed advanced histology (3.5% vs. 1.2%; adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=2.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.77-5.06). Sixteen patients in the FIT-positive cohort (2.7%) with diminutive adenomas might have changed the surveillance interval if a resect-and-discard strategy was applied, with a higher likelihood compared with the screening colonoscopy cohort (aOR=2.76, 95% CI 1.53-4.99). CONCLUSIONS FIT screening detected more diminutive and small adenomas with advanced histology compared with colonoscopy screening. Its impact on current management of diminutive polyp is limited. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Almost 20 years ago, CD1d tetramers were developed to track invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells based on their specificity, and to define developmental steps during which differentiation markers and functional features are progressively acquired from early NKT cell precursor to fully mature NKT cell subsets. Based on these findings, a linear developmental model was proposed and subsequently used by all studies investigating the specific role of factors that control NKT cell development. More recently, based on intracellular staining patterns of lineage-specific transcription factors such as T-bet, GATA-3, promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger and RORγt, a lineage differentiation model was proposed for NKT cell development. Currently, studies on NKT cells development present lineage differentiation model data in addition to the linear maturation model. In the perspective presented here, we discuss current knowledge relating to NKT cell developmental models and particularly focus on the approaches and strategies, some of which appear nebulous, used to define NKT cell developmental stages and subsets. © 2020 Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology Inc.The results of extended comparative investigation of the Ni(II) Schiff base complexes (containing various auxiliary chiral moieties) commonly used as a methodological platform for the asymmetric synthesis of tailor-made α-amino acids are provided. The following issues are addressed 1) redox activity (determining the possibility for electrochemically induced reactions); 2) quantitative estimation of the reactivity of the deprotonated complexes towards electrophiles; 3) quantum-chemical estimation of noncovalent interactions in the metal coordination environment (which shed light on the origin of the stereochemical outcome observed for different stereoinductors). Possible mechanisms determining the interrelation between the stereochemical configuration of a molecule and its electronic structure are discussed. The DFT calculated HOMO-LUMO energies and localization as well as relative energies for the ( S )- and ( R )-alanine derivatives determining the stereoinduction efficiency in thermodynamically controlled reactions in the Ni(II) coordination are provided. The computation data are supported with the experimental results on mono-benzylation of the glycine derivatives. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The study was designed to document the incidence of non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) at birth and characterise associated outcomes and obstetric complications. Data on more than 1.9 million births were extracted from the Swedish Birth Register for 1997-2015. Pregnancies not affected by NIHF served as controls. National registers on mortality and hospitalisations provided follow-up information. There were 309 cases of NIHF at birth corresponding to an incidence of 1.6 per 10,000, lower than in previous studies. NIHF was more frequent in mothers aged ≥ 35 years and with a history of stillbirth. Preterm delivery occurred in 77.7% in the NIHF group, including 31.7% before 32 weeks of gestation. Multiple births and Caesarean sections were reported more frequent in the NIHF group. NIHF was associated with poor outcome with 14.6% stillbirths and in 26.5% early neonatal death. Overall, 58.7% of live born children with NIHF were alive at 12 months compared with 99.7% of controls. The most common causes of death were cardiovascular diseases and thoracic abnormalities. NIHF at birth is associated with obstetric complications and poor prognosis for the neonate related to underlying disease. The low incidence of NIHF observed in this study may reflect well-developed antenatal care. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIM Create a Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA)-based intervention to increase adolescent and infant speech and improve 12-month language outcomes. METHODS Randomized control trial of adolescent (15-19 years) mother-infant pairs comparing language-motor (intervention) and motor (control) groups. Intervention included reviewing language-motor curriculums, formative feedback on 4 LENA recordings (baseline, post-curriculum, 4 and 12-months) and 16-weekly language-motor texts. Controls reviewed a motor curriculum, summative feedback of 4 recordings after study completion and 4-monthly motor texts. Primary outcome was 12-month MacArthur scores. Secondary outcomes were LENA counts and social impacts to language outcomes. RESULTS 108 infants were randomized. Groups had similar baseline characteristics and LENA counts. Both groups had low maternal Peabody Picture Vocabulary age-equivalents (14.2 years). On post-curriculum recording, intervention infants had higher vocalizations (188 versus 109, P = .02) and conversations (49 versus 30, P = .005) than controls. Group 4-month and 12-month LENA counts and 12-month MacArthur scores were similar. In regression analyses, more people in the home and cohabiting with the infant's father were associated with higher MacArthur scores. CONCLUSIONS Linguistic feedback and a simple curriculum resulted in short-term increased vocalizations and conversational turns for infants of adolescent mothers that were not sustained over time. Household characteristics provided protective effects on outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the correlation of circular RNA La-related RNA-binding protein 4 (circ-LARP4) with tumor characteristics and prognosis, and its effect on chemosensitivity in breast cancer. METHODS Circ-LARP4 from tumor and adjacent tissues of 283 female breast cancer patients underwent resection was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Tumor features, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were recorded. In vitro, circ-LARP4 in human normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cell lines was detected by RT-qPCR. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with circ-LARP4 overexpression plasmid (as OE-Circ group) and control overexpression plasmid (as OE-Control group). Relative cell viability under different concentrations of doxorubicin was measured. RESULTS Circ-LARP4 was decreased in tumor tissues than adjacent tissues (P  less then  .001). Tumor circ-LARP4 negatively correlated with tumor size (P = .001), T stage (P = .009), N stage (P = .006), and TNM stage (P  less then  .001), whereas positively correlated with DFS (P = .004) and OS (P  less then  .001). In vitro, circ-LARP4 was decreased MCF-7, BT474, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468 cell lines than HMEC (all P  less then  .001). Relatively cell viability of MCF-7 cells (at 20 nmol/L [P  less then  .05], 40 nmol/L [P  less then  .01], 80 nmol/L [P  less then  .05] of doxorubicin) and MDA-MB-231 cells (at 120 nmol/L [P  less then  .05], 240 nmol/L [P  less then  .05] of doxorubicin) was decreased in OE-Circ group than OE-Control group. IC50 value of doxorubicin was decreased in OE-Circ group than OE-Control group in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines (both P  less then  .01). CONCLUSION Circ-LARP4 was a potential prognostic biomarker, which might improve the management of breast cancer. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.PURPOSE Simultaneous multislab (SMSb) 4D flow MRI was developed and implemented at 7T for accelerated acquisition of the 3D blood velocity vector field in both carotid bifurcations. METHODS SMSb was applied to 4D flow to acquire blood velocities in both carotid bifurcations in sagittal orientation using a local transmit/receive coil at 7T. B 1 + transmit efficiency was optimized by B 1 + shimming. SMSb 4D flow was obtained in 8 healthy subjects in single-band (SB) and multiband (MB) fashion. Additionally, MB data were retrospectively undersampled to simulate GRAPPA R = 2 (MB2_GRAPPA2), and both SB datasets were added to form an artificial MB dataset (SumSB). The band separation performance was quantified by signal leakage. Peak velocity and total flow values were calculated and compared to SB via intraclass correlation analysis (ICC). RESULTS Clean slab separation was achieved yielding a mean signal leakage of 13% above the mean SB noise level. Mean total flow for MB2, SumSB, and MB_GRAPPA2 deviated less than 9% from the SB values. Peak velocities averaged over all vessels and subjects were 0.48 ± 0.11 m/s for SB, 0.47 ± 0.12 m/s for SumSB, 0.50 ± 0.13 m/s for MB2, and 0.53 ± 0.13 m/s for MB2_GRAPPA2. ICC revealed excellent absolute agreement and consistency of total flow for all methods compared to SB2. Peak velocity showed good to excellent agreement and consistency for SumSB and MB2 and MB2_GRAPPA2 method showed poor to excellent agreement and good to excellent consistency. CONCLUSION Simultaneous multislab 4D Flow MRI allows accurate quantification of total flow and peak velocity while reducing scan times. © 2020 Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.