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001), but not the social distancing subscale. The ANC setting, where women and their partners are routinely tested for HIV, is an ideal venue for addressing HIV stigma. The Maisha intervention was feasible and acceptable, and had an impact on HIV stigma attitudes. A full trial is needed to examine impacts on HIV outcomes; modifications to the intervention should be considered to reduce social alienation of PLWH.Construct validity of novel tablet-based neurocognitive tests (in the NeuroScreen app) measuring processing speed, working memory, and executive functioning in adolescents and young adults (AYA) living with perinatally-acquired HIV (PHIV) and perinatal HIV-exposure without infection (PHEU) was examined. Sixty-two AYA (33 PHIV, 29 PHEU) were recruited from an ongoing longitudinal study (CASAH) in New York City. Medium to large and statistically significant correlations were found between NeuroScreen and gold standard, paper-and-pencil tests of processing speed, working memory, and executive functioning. Results provide partial support for NeuroScreen as an alternative to cumbersome paper-and-pencil tests for assessing neurocognition among HIV-affected AYA.
Omadacycline is a semisynthetic aminomethylcycline antibacterial derived from the tetracycline class. It is approved in the USA to treat adults with acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia.
This phase I, open-label study evaluated the effect of a potential drug-drug interaction of verapamil-a known P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor-with omadacycline on the pharmacokinetic profile of omadacycline in healthy adults. The safety and tolerability of omadacycline taken alone and in combination with verapamil were also evaluated.
A single oral dose of 240mg verapamil extended release (ER) was given 2h prior to a single oral dose of 300mg omadacycline.
Ten (83.3%) of the 12 participants enrolled in the study completed the study, and all enrolled participants were included in the safety and pharmacokinetic populations. An increase of 14-25% in systemic exposure to omadacycline was seen when administered following a single oral dose of 240mg verapamil ER compared with omadacycline alone, as measured by the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from time 0 to 24h after dosing (AUC
), from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration (AUC
), from time 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUC
), and by maximum (peak) observed plasma concentration (C
). Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported by one participant (nausea and headache).
These findings suggest that, if given with a known P-gp inhibitor, dose adjustment of oral omadacycline is not warranted based on small increases in absorption and systemic exposure. No safety signals were identified.
These findings suggest that, if given with a known P-gp inhibitor, dose adjustment of oral omadacycline is not warranted based on small increases in absorption and systemic exposure. No safety signals were identified.
We describe a case of primary cutaneous aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, and elucidate the underlying genetic and immunological mechanisms.
Routine clinical and laboratory investigations were performed. Whole-exome sequencing of the patient's DNA suggested the presence of a CARD9 mutation, which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Innate and adaptive immunological responses of patient-derived CARD9-deficient cells were evaluated with ELISA and flow cytometry. Cutaneous and pulmonary aspergillosis models were established in Card9 knockout (KO) mice, which were compared with wild-type and immunosuppressed mice, to explore the pathogenesis and Aspergillus susceptibility.
A 45-year-old man presented with a 37-year history of skin lesions on his face. A diagnosis of primary cutaneous aspergillosis was made through histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and tissue culture. Sanger sequencing of CARD9 showed a homozygous frame-shift mutation (c.819_820insG, p.D274fsX60), which led to the lack of CApergillosis.Quantification of plasma propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) in the context of clinical anaesthesia is challenging because of the need for offline blood sample processing using specialised laboratory equipment and techniques. In this study we sought to refine a simple procedure using solid phase extraction and colorimetric analysis into a benchtop protocol for accurate blood propofol measurement. The colorimetric method based on the reaction of phenols (e.g. propofol) with Gibbs reagent was first tested in 10% methanol samples (n = 50) containing 0.5-6.0 µg/mL propofol. Subsequently, whole blood samples (n = 15) were spiked to known propofol concentrations and processed using reverse phase solid phase extraction (SPE) and colorimetric analysis. The standard deviation of the difference between known and measured propofol concentrations in the methanol samples was 0.11 µg/mL, with limits of agreement of - 0.21 to 0.22 µg/mL. For the blood-processed samples, the standard deviation of the difference between known and measured propofol concentrations was 0.09 µg/mL, with limits of agreement - 0.18 to 0.17 µg/mL. Quantification of plasma propofol with an error of less than 0.2 µg/mL is achievable with a simple and inexpensive benchtop method.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system characterised by cognitive impairment. Its major pathological feature is the deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide, which triggers a series of pathological cascades. Autophagy is a main pathway to eliminate abnormal aggregated proteins, and increasing autophagy represents a plausible treatment strategy against relative overproduction of neurotoxic Aβ. Graphene oxide (GO) is an emerging carbon-based nanomaterial. As a derivative of graphene with neuroprotective effects, it can effectively increase the clearance of abnormally aggregated protein. In this article, we investigated the protective function of GO in an AD mouse model. A-438079 research buy GO (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was administered for 2 weeks. The results of the Morris water maze test and the novel object recognition test suggested that GO ameliorated learning and memory impairments in 5xFAD mice. The long-term potentiation and depotentiation from the perforant path to the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus were increased with GO treatment in 5xFAD mice.
