Kristensenedvardsen3532

Fruit and vegetables were consumed most seldom by pupils with excessive body weight. Knowledge about the lifestyles of children and adolescents is of crucial importance in taking multidirectional preventative actions to make changes to such lifestyles.The administration of glucocorticoids to patients with rheumatic diseases often results in glucocorticoid-induced myopathy. We previously found that administration of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) to such patients improves the loss of skeletal muscle, however, their individual differences were often observed. The present study, therefore, aims to identify specific parameters associated with BCAA-induced increases in skeletal muscle mass. Eighteen patients with rheumatic diseases treated with prednisolone were randomly assigned to receive additional BCAAs for 12 wk. Serum biochemistry, plasma fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 and 21, and plasma and urinary amino acid concentrations were assessed. The relationship between these parameters and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the biceps femoris (slow-twitch muscle) and rectus femoris (fast-twitch muscle) was assessed using computed tomography. BCAA supplementation increased serum levels of creatinine and albumin and decreased ammonia and urinary 3-methylhistidine levels. With or without BCAA supplementation, each plasma amino acid concentration decreased during the study period, but the decrease was lower in patients receiving BCAA. Interestingly, a positive correlation was observed between plasma isoleucine, aspartate, and glutamate concentrations and improvement in the biceps femoris muscle atrophy. Plasma amino acid concentrations in patients with rheumatic diseases treated with glucocorticoids decreased despite tapering the dose of glucocorticoids, with a smaller decrease in the BCAA-treated group. Plasma BCAA, aspartic acid, and glutamate concentrations correlated positively with the rate of improvement in biceps femoris muscle atrophy, suggesting that these amino acids are associated with the BCAA-induced increase in muscle mass.Dietary factors are thought to play an important role in the prevention of cognition diseases and depression in late life. In the present study, we compared the effects between the theogallin-rich tea cultivar, "MK5601" and a common Japanese tea cultivar, "Yabukita" on behaviors and hippocampal neurotrophin levels in experimental animals. Middle-aged mice (aged 8 mo) were given either of the tea infusions or water ad libitum for 4 mo. In the novel object location test, the middle-aged mice drinking water or "Yabukita" performed worse than young mice (aged 2-3 mo) although the middle-aged mice drinking "MK5601" retained spatial memory at the same level as the young mice. We also found that the middle-aged mice drinking "MK5601" showed high levels of neurotrophin-3 in the hippocampus. In conclusion, the "MK5601" tea infusion appears to be effective in preventing age-related changes in cognitive function, as compared with a common Japanese tea cultivar.A longitudinal study was conducted to assess associations between snack energy intake and either body mass index (BMI) or nutrient intake in Japanese children. A baseline survey was conducted with 243 children aged 6-7 y, and follow-up was performed 4 y later. Finally, 189 subjects were selected for the analysis. Snack intakes were obtained from self-administered records by guardians. The daily habitual whole dietary intake and exercise/sleep hours were obtained by questionnaires during the follow-up. Subjects were grouped into three, as per snack energy intake tertiles at baseline. Differences and linear trends between the three groups were tested for the mean values of snack energy intake, BMI, and nutrient density, 4 y after the baseline survey. In follow-up, the snack energy intake (kcal) in females was significantly higher in the intermediate (335±35, p less then 0.01) and high (318±32, p less then 0.05) groups than in low group (196±25). There was no significant difference in follow-up BMI in the three groups. However, after adjustment of the baseline BMI, a significantly positive linear trend (p less then 0.05) was observed in the follow-up BMI in females. There was no significant difference in total energy intake per day. In contrast, a significantly negative linear trend (p less then 0.05) was observed among the three groups in dietary nutrient density of calcium and vitamin A in females. These results suggest that, in females, a higher intake of snacks may affect the daily dietary balance, resulting in a higher BMI and lower mineral and vitamin intakes.The world's population is aging, and the prevalence of hip fracture is rising. Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for hip fracture and predicts functional recovery and survival following hip fracture surgery. This cross-sectional study identified the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Taiwanese older patients with hip fracture and potential risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Data from older adults with hip fracture admitted to a single medical center in Taipei, Taiwan were prospectively collected. The preoperative serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and comprehensive clinical history of each patient were examined. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to compare the clinical characteristics of deficient, insufficient, and sufficient 25(OH)D concentration groups. The cohort comprised 310 older adults with hip fracture. Raf inhibitor The mean age was 80±10 y. The deficient, insufficient, and sufficient groups comprised 180, 84, and 46 patients (58.1%, 27.1%, and 14.8%), respectively. Univariate analysis revealed significant intergroup differences in serum albumin level and body fat percentage and marginally significant differences in serum albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, body mass index, and comorbidities of affective or psychotic disorders. In the multinomial logistic regression model, albumin level was the only factor significantly correlated with higher 25(OH)D concentrations in the sufficient and insufficient groups compared with the deficient group. No variable, including preinjury functional status, was significantly correlated with vitamin D deficiency except malnutrition. Our findings may aid the establishment of a robust screening and treatment program for vitamin D deficiency.Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) overdose causes hepatotoxicity, even liver failure, and oxidative stress plays pivotal role in its pathogenesis. Nicotinic acid (NA) is one form of vitamin B3, which has been used to treat a series of diseases in clinic for decades. To date, several studies have evidenced that NA has anti-oxidative property. Therefore, NA may have the hepatoprotective potential against APAP-induced toxicity. Here, our aim was to investigate the beneficial effect of NA against hepatotoxicity induced by APAP and its mechanism in vivo. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with NA (100 mg/kg) 3 times at 24, 12 and 1 h before APAP (600 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg) challenge. The results showed that pretreatment of NA markedly improved the survival rate, alleviated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and mitigated the histopathological injuries compared to APAP-exposed mice. Furthermore, NA significantly elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) content, while reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Finally, the signaling pathway was probed. The western blot revealed that NA up-regulated Sirtuin1 (Sirt1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase-1 (NQO-1) expression and down-regulated Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) level in liver followed APAP exposure, implying Sirt1/Nrf2 axis exerted an essential role in the protective mechanism of NA on APAP toxicity. In brief, pretreatment of NA effectively protects liver against hepatotoxicity due to overdose of APAP through an antioxidant dependent manner modulated by Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.We previously reported that consuming a ketogenic diet containing medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCTs) might be a valuable dietary strategy for endurance athletes. However, the long-term safety of the diet has not been established, and there is a concern that a higher intake of MCTs increases the liver triacylglycerol content. In this study, we found that consuming an MCT-containing ketogenic diet for 24 weeks decreased, rather than increased, the liver triacylglycerol concentration and did not aggravate safety-related blood biomarkers in male Wistar rats. Our results may therefore suggest that the long-term intake of a ketogenic diet containing MCTs may have no deleterious effects on physiological functions.Inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress play a major role in cancer expansion. Boeravinone B (BB) had already proofed their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects against various animal models of disease. In this experimental research, the chemoprotective effect of BB against skin cancer caused by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/croton oil was investigated and the possible mechanism was explored. Swiss albino mice were used in the current protocol. 100 µg/100 mL acetone, DMBA was used for induction the skin cancer and, after the 2-week repeated dose of croton oil (1% in acetone) give to the mice till end of the protocol. The mice were received the oral dose of BB (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, body weight). The body weight and tumor incidence were estimated at regular time interval. At the end of the protocol, the antioxidant, phase I, phase II, pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators were scrutinized. The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators were estimanvestigation suggest that oral administration of boeravinone B significantly reduced skin cancer in mice via reduction of inflammatory reaction.Muscle atrophy refers to skeletal muscle loss and dysfunction that affects glucose and lipid metabolism. Moreover, muscle atrophy is manifested in cancer, diabetes, and obesity. In this study, we focused on lipid metabolism during muscle atrophy. We observed that the gastrocnemius muscle was associated with significant atrophy with 8 days of immobilization of hind limb joints and that muscle atrophy occurred regardless of the muscle fiber type. Further, we performed lipid analyses using thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and mass spectrometry imaging. Total amounts of triacylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin were found to be increased in the immobilized muscle. Additionally, we found that specific molecular species of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin were increased by immobilization. Furthermore, the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase and the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 were significantly reduced by atrophy. From these results, it was revealed that lipid accumulation and metabolic changes in specific fatty acids occur during disuse muscle atrophy. The present study holds implications in validating preventive treatment strategies for muscle atrophy.It is well known that inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress play a key role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia and secondary injury. Boeravinone B (BB) proofed their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect, but their neuroprotective effects still unknown. In this experimental study, we explore the neuro-protective effect of Boeravinone B on the ischemia/reperfusion and explore the possible mechanism. Male Wistar rats were used for the current experimental study. First induces natural I/R injury in rats and treated with BB and nifedipine, respectively. Rats were subjected to ischemia after 6 consecutive days by occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries (BCCAO). Neurological score, biochemical, antioxidant, pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory parameters were estimated in the serum and brain tissue. BB treatment significantly (p less then 0.001) suppressed neuronal injury, dose-dependently decreased the cerebral water content. BB treatment altered the pro-inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant and inflammatory mediators in the serum and brain tissue.