Krabberose5046

On four subscales, Cronbach's alpha was >0.8, and on the summary scale, 0.95. The SRI showed high correlation with SGRQ. Both tests showed good reproducibility. During the 5-year follow-up, 27 (36%) patients died. CONCLUSIONS The Finnish SRI proved valid, reliable and reproducible. Its psychometric properties were good and similar to those of the original questionnaire and of other validation studies. © 2020 The Authors. The Clinical Respiratory Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND There has been a global rise in interest and efforts to improve under-five mortality rates, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Ghana has made some progress in improving this outcome; however, the extent of such progress and its equity implications remains understudied. METHODS This study used a joinpoint regression analysis to assess the significance of changes in trends of under-five mortality rates in Ghana between 1988 and 2017 using data from seven rounds of the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Annual percentage change (APC) was estimated. The APCs of different dimensions of equity (residence, administrative region, maternal education and wealth quintile) were compared by coincidence test- to determine similarity in joinpoint regression functions via 10000 Monte Carlo resampling. RESULTS There has been progress in reduction of under-five mortality in Ghana between 1988 and 2017 with an annual percentage change of -3.49%. Disaggregation of the trends showed that the most rapid improvement in under-five mortality rates occurred in the Upper East Region (APC= -5.0%). The closing of under-five mortality equity gaps in the study period has been uneven in the country. The gap between rural and urban rates has closed the most, followed by regional gaps (between Upper East and Ashanti Region), while the most persistent gaps remain in maternal education and wealth quintile. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that programmatic interventions have been more successful in reducing geographic (rural-urban and by administrative region) than non-geographic (maternal education and wealth quintile) inequities in under-five mortality in Ghana. To accelerate reduction and bridge the inequities in under-five mortality, Ghana may need to pursue more social policies aimed at redistribution. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIMS To explore a prokaryotic species-specific DNA marker, 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence for identification and classification of Vibrio. METHODS AND RESULTS Five hundred and seventy four ITS sequences from 60 Vibrio strains were collected, then the primary and secondary structures of ITS sequence were analysed. The ITS was divided into several subunits, and the species-specificity of these subunits were evaluated by blast. The variable subunit of ITS showed high species-specificity. A protocol to identify a Vibrio species based on ITS analysis was developed and verified. Both the specificity and sensitivity were 100%. The phylogeny analysis of Vibrio based on ITS showed that ITS devised a better classification than 16S rDNA. Finally, an identification method of Vibrio based on ITS sequencing in food samples was developed and evaluated. The results of ITS sequencing were (100%) consistent with the results identified by ISO standard. CONCLUSIONS Vibrio could be accurately identified at the species level by using the ITS sequences. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The present study suggests that the ITS can be considered as a significant DNA marker for identification and classification of Vibrio species, and it posed a new path to screen the Vibrio in food sample. © 2020 The Society for Applied Microbiology.OBJECTIVE To characterize the occurrence of fever (≥38.0°C) after treatment for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) with sublingual misoprostol 800 mcg in Latin America, where elevated rates of misoprostol's thermoregulatory effects and recipients' increased susceptibility to high fever have been documented. METHODS A prospective observational study in hospitals in Argentina enrolled consenting women with atonic PPH after vaginal delivery, eligible to receive misoprostol. Corporal temperature was assessed at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post-treatment; other effects were recorded. The incidence of high fever ≥40.0°C (primary outcome) was compared to the rate observed previously in Ecuador. Logistic regressions were performed to identify clinical and population-based predictors of misoprostol-induced fever. RESULTS Transient shivering and fever were experienced by 75% (37/49) of treated participants, and described as acceptable by three-quarters of women interviewed (35/47). The high fever rate was 12% (6/49), [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 4.6, 24.8], compared to Ecuador's rate following misoprostol treatment (35.6% (58/163) [95% CI 28.3, 43.5], p=0.002). Significant predictors of misoprostol-induced fever (model dependent) were pre-delivery hemoglobin less then 11.0g/dL, rapid placental expulsion, and higher age of the woman. No serious outcomes were reported prior to discharge. CONCLUSIONS Misoprostol to treat PPH in Argentina resulted in a significantly lower rate of high fever than in Ecuador, although both are notably higher than rates seen elsewhere. A greater understanding of misoprostol's side effects and factors involved in their occurrence, including genetics, will help alleviate concerns. The onset of shivering may be the simplest way to know if fever can also be expected. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Compared with data that is initially collected for research purposes, the mandatory authorization of a government database for secondary use deserves greater scrutiny because it consists of information that is collected initially for administrative purposes. CB1954 clinical trial Using the case of Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) Database as an example, this paper analyzes the ethical issues that emerge when the research participants are "participated" in studies without their consent, according to the current policy. The proponents of secondary use for research purposes maintain that the authorized use of the NHI Database is necessary for public interests, while the opponents argue that the potential lack of democratic accountability and the infringement on people's rights to privacy and information autonomy is unwarranted. Drawing on the solidarity-based approach, this paper proposes a temporal solution as a possible reform direction for better ethical justification of the secondary use of the NHI Database. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.