Korsgaardknox3109

In this study, batch experiments were conducted to compare the effect of temperature and substrate source on microbial communities in the anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste. The results showed that the microbial communities of anaerobic digestion were not sensitive to varied sources of waste, but shifted with the change in operating temperatures. In the reactors operated at mesophilic conditions, Levilinea, Syntrophomonas, Methanothrix, and Methanosphaerula, etc. were the dominant microbes during the process. While in thermophilic reactors, Levilinea, Ornatilinea, Methanosphaerula and Methanomassiliicoccus, etc. prevailed. Meanwhile, an enrichment in Coprothermobacter, Defluviitoga, Defluviitalea, Tepidimicrobium, Lutispora and Fonticella were observed as the temperature changed from mesophilic to thermophilic, suggesting these genera could be selectively enriched at thermophilic conditions. The results provided fundamental understanding of the microbiology that could support the scale up of food waste anaerobic digestion.Research shows that anaerobic digestion could acclimate to ammonia stress; however, the acclimation remained unaddressed. In this study, evolution of microbial community, functional gene, and pathway was linked with apparent kinetic and performance in unacclimated inoculum under ammonia stress, to deepen understanding of the acclimation. The second peak in production rate demonstrated crucial kinetic changes under ammonia stress. The methane loss was mainly protein in residual COD. Metagenomic showed initial inhibition in all methane metabolism pathways under ammonia stress, and recovery in acetate uptake was the key to ammonia acclimation. The acclimation was found in alternative pathway of Acetyl-CoA (CH3CO-S-CoA) synthesis from acetate, accompanying by syntrophic methanogenesis. Ammonia inhibited acetoclastic methanogenesis by competing CH3-CO-Pi with pta and formed speculative sediment CH3-CO-PO4[NH4]2. Biomarker of methanogenesis kinetic was suggested as mcr, hdr, and mch. The biomarker could indicate acclimation stages to ammonia, empowering anaerobic digestion by early warning of methane loss.Enhancing energy and environmental systems through sustainable development, in particular integrating concepts of circular economy and cleaner production are important for the emerging needs of humankind. In recent years, the developments in alternative sources of renewable energy counterparts has been prompted to substitute the nonrenewable fossil fuel consumptions towards clearner environment. However, environmental problems arising currently must be carefully addressed and to be solved to conserve the energy, water and other environmental resources for the future. This article highlights the recent developments on alternative energy sources that mainly focus on energy and environmental sustainability, that has been discussed on "The 4th International Conference on Alternative Fuels & Energy (ICAFE-2019)", which was held at Taichung City, Taiwan on October 18-21, 2019. Additionally, it provides useful insights from some of the papers published on a virtual special issue (VSI) of the Bioresourse Technology Journal. The highlighted research works in this review can be used as route-map towards sustainable development and energy efficiency.

To test, a chemical-mechanical method and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (a-PDT), in combination, to manage a deep dental carious lesion in a permanent molar pediatric patient.

Due to specific characteristics of early-erupted teeth, as first permanent lower molars, techniques that provide less invasive tissue removal aiming keep healthy tooth parts, such as pulp tissue, are desired. Furthermore, especially to children, provide comfort, less noise and vibration are important issues that should be considered on the management of deep caries.

The following case report presents an association of Papacarie Duo® (PD) and a-PDT used in a 9-year-old patient with a deep dental caries in the mandibular right first molar. After PD application, the carious tissue was carefully removed with the cavity stained for 1 minute with rose bengal solution, irradiated with a high intensity LED constituting the a-PDT technique, and definitively restored with composite resin. At 6 months of follow-up, no signs of caries were verified, showing success to applied techniques. A microbiological evaluation attested the antimicrobial effects of the alternative procedures.

Although it was reached optimal clinical and bacterial reduction outcomes, the approach demonstrated an excessive length of time taken for the management of carious lesion.

The use of new technologies should be encouraged, especially when treating deep caries aiming a less invasive approach.

The use of new technologies should be encouraged, especially when treating deep caries aiming a less invasive approach.

The ability to determine the effectiveness of root canal disinfection in real-time prior to the final root filling could significantly influence the management and treatment outcomes of root canal therapy. Laser fluorescence devices can detect bacterial fluorescence in real-time, however since quenching of fluorescence is a possible confounding factor, this study explored the effects of oxidising endodontic irrigants on laser fluorescence in dentine.

A total of 78 transverse 2 mm thick sections were prepared from the crowns of sterilised extracted non-functional third molars that had been embedded in acrylic resin. The dentine sections where then treated with different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide, with or without further rinsing with distilled water wash. Fluorescence values were recorded over 24 h using the DIAGNOdent laser fluorescence device.

Both sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide cause quenching of fluorescence readings of human dentine, with reductions of 30-60% in fluorescence readings. Sodiumdichloroacetate The quenching effect occurred quickly, and recovery to baseline readings took from 1 h to 24 h. Rinsing with water reduced but did not eliminate the quenching effect.

The use of laser fluorescence to reliably detect root canal bacteria porphyrins in real-time could significantly influence the management of teeth needing root canal therapy. This study highlighted the quenching effects of some root canal irrigants on human teeth root dentine, a variable that should be considered and controlled prior to using lasers to assist in assessing root canal sterility.

The use of laser fluorescence to reliably detect root canal bacteria porphyrins in real-time could significantly influence the management of teeth needing root canal therapy. This study highlighted the quenching effects of some root canal irrigants on human teeth root dentine, a variable that should be considered and controlled prior to using lasers to assist in assessing root canal sterility.