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icephobic performance with an excellent Cassie state stability, high humidity resistance, and good deicing durability. We hypothesize that the proposed fabrication strategy and associated basic findings will shed new light on the design of robust ice-resistant superhydrophobic surfaces and contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between superhydrophobicity and ice resistance.Sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans Lour.) (OF) is one of the ten most famous flowers in China for its unique and delicate fragrance. A combined solid-phase microextraction and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation method was used to accurately capture the overall aromatic profile and characterize the predominant odorants of fresh osmanthus with the help of gas chromatography (GC)-olfactometry and comprehensive two-dimensional GC-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-QTOF-MS). Twenty-six volatiles were identified for the first time in OF. A total of 23 potent odorants, dominated by monoterpene oxides and C6 aliphatic aldehydes, were identified. The efficacy of pectinase, β-glucosidase, and their combination on the aroma enhancement of OF was evaluated by quantitation of the target aroma components using GC-triple quadrupole-MS. The total concentration of key aroma components increased in all three enzyme treatment groups, and the increase was more significant in two β-glucosidase-treated groups. Changes in odor activity values and odor spectrum values of key odorants indicated that the pectinase-treated sample had more prominent floral, green, and potato-like scents. In contrast, the β-glucosidase-treated sample had more dominant floral, woody, almond-like, and fruity notes but less green odor, which was confirmed by sensory evaluation. check details β-Glucosidase and pectinase complement one another very well, and together, promote a remarkable aroma enhancement in OF.Previously, 3D printing of porous materials and metal oxides was limited to low loading metal loadings, as increasing the nitrate salt concentrations, which are used to generate the oxide component, gave rise to poor rheological properties beyond 10 wt %. In this study, we addressed this problem by directly printing insoluble oxides alongside H-ZSM-5 zeolite, which allowed for increased oxide loadings. Various metal oxides such as V2O5, ZrO2, Cr2O3, and Ga2O3 were doped onto H-ZSM-5 through the additive manufacturing method. Characterization and correlation between the X-ray diffraction, NH3-temperature-programmed desorption, O2-temperature programmed oxidation, temperature-programmed reduction, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, and in situ CO2 DRIFTS experiments revealed that directly 3D printing metal oxides/H-ZSM-5 inks leads to significant modification in the surface properties and oxide bulk dispersion, thereby enhancing the composites' reducibility and giving rise to widely din material science.The application of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is severely hampered by the shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics. Herein, amorphous cobalt phosphide grown on a reduced graphene oxide-multiwalled carbon nanotube (rGO-CNT-CoP(A)) is designed as the sulfur host to conquer the above bottlenecks. The differences between amorphous cobalt phosphide (CoP) and crystalline CoP on the surface adsorption as well as conversion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) are investigated by systematical experiments and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. Specifically, the amorphous CoP not only strengthens the chemical adsorption to LiPSs but also greatly accelerates liquid-phase conversions of LiPSs as well as the nucleation and growth of Li2S. DFT calculation reveals that the amorphous CoP possesses higher binding energies and lower diffusion energy barriers for LiPSs. In addition, the amorphous CoP features reduced energy gap and the increased electronic concentrations of adsorbed LiPSs near Fermi level. These characteristics contribute to the enhanced chemisorption ability and the accelerated redox kinetics. Simultaneously, the prepared S/rGO-CNT-CoP(A) electrode delivers an impressive initial capacity of 872 mAh g-1 at 2 C and 617 mAh g-1 can be obtained after 200 cycles, exhibiting excellent cycling stability. Especially, it achieves outstanding electrochemical performance even under high sulfur loading (5.3 mg cm-2) and lean electrolyte (E/S = 7 μLE mg-1S) conditions. This work exploits the application potential for amorphous materials and contributes to the development of highly efficient Li-S batteries.Cardiolipins (CLs) are comprised of two phosphatic acid moieties bound to a central glycerol backbone and are substituted with four acyl chains. Consequently, a vast number of distinct CL structures are possible in different biological contexts, representing a significant analytical challenge. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has become a widely used approach for the detection, characterization, and quantitation of complex lipids, including CLs. Central to this approach is fragmentation of the [CLs - H]- or [CL - 2H]2- anions by collision-induced dissociation (CID). Product ions in the resulting tandem mass spectra confirm the CL subclass assignment and reveal the numbers of carbons and degrees of unsaturation in each of the acyl chains. Conventional CID, however, affords limited structural elucidation of the fatty acyl chains, failing to discriminate isomers arising from different site(s) of unsaturation or cyclopropanation and potentially obscuring their metabolic origins. Here, we report the application of charge inversion ion/ion chemistry in the gas phase to enhance the structural elucidation of CLs. Briefly, CID of [CL - H]2- anions generated via negative ion ESI allowed for the assignment of individual fatty acyl substituents and phosphatidic acid moieties. Next, gas-phase derivatization of the resulting CL product ions, including fatty acyl carboxylate anions, was effected with gas-phase ion/ion charge inversion reactions with tris-phenanthroline magnesium reagent dications. Subsequent isolation and activation of the charge-inverted fatty acyl complex cations permitted the localization of both carbon-carbon double bond and cyclopropane motifs within each of the four acyl chains of CLs. This approach was applied to the de novo elucidation of unknown CLs in a biological extract revealing distinct isomeric populations and regiochemical relationships between double bonds and carbocyles.