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Participants also completed executive-heavy clinical neuropsychological tasks outside of the scanner.

Frontopolar PFC was activated across both types of empathy. However, empathic happiness related to engagement of a much broader network of prefrontal cortex subregions relative to empathic concern spawning frontopolar, dorsolateral, and medial aspects. PFC activation during both types of empathy was positively predicted by working memory capacity.

Activation in core aspects of the working memory-executive control network, and core happiness-related aspects of the mentalizing brain network (i.e., medial PFC and precuneus) predicted greater empathy capacity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Activation in core aspects of the working memory-executive control network, and core happiness-related aspects of the mentalizing brain network (i.e., medial PFC and precuneus) predicted greater empathy capacity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is an important area of research within older populations, for whom prospective memory (PM) functions as a crucial part of daily life. Little is known about change in PM, following reports of SCD. This study examines longitudinal naturalistic PM in older adults with high and low levels of SCD.

Ninety-nine community-dwelling older adults were revisited after 5 to 6 years, to examine the role of baseline SCD (measured as reported memory decline from young adulthood) on episodic and habitual PM change. Episodic PM was measured by the message task and habitual PM by a time-stamped button-pressing task across 2 weeks.

SCD status was not associated with episodic PM, with performance declining over time across both groups, η2 = .03, 95% CI [.11, .61]. Conversely, for habitual PM, there was a significant Group × Time interaction, η2 = .07, 95% CI [-.95, -.06], with people reporting high SCD demonstrating better baseline performance and declining over time, whereas low SCD remained stable.

Older adults with SCD demonstrated greater decline in habitual PM, suggesting these tasks may be more sensitive to the effects of SCD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Older adults with SCD demonstrated greater decline in habitual PM, suggesting these tasks may be more sensitive to the effects of SCD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

The use of Internet-based technology (IBT) is an important component of everyday living. However, persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) may face barriers to use. This study aimed to compare IBT perceived use and skills and actual performance in persons with MS and healthy controls (HCs). In addition, it aimed to examine IBT perceptions as a unique predictor of IBT performance beyond demographic, cognitive, motor, and affective factors in persons with MS.

Ninety-six persons with MS and 65 HCs aged 18 to 65 completed self-report and performance-based IBT measures along with assessments of cognition, motor function, and affect at a single time point.

The MS group reported perceptions of less IBT use and poorer skills than HCs and demonstrated worse IBT performance as per accuracy and speed on the Actual Reality. In persons with MS, IBT perceptions and performance were significantly associated. Cognition and dexterity were significantly associated with IBT performance, and anxiety was associated with IBT perceptions. Disease duration, processing speed, and IBT perceptions were unique predictors of IBT performance in the MS group within a multivariate model.

Persons with MS present with poorer IBT performance compared with HCs, which can limit participation. Processing speed and patient perceptions of IBT use and skills should be considered in technology design and training to improve the capabilities of persons with MS to use IBT for everyday living. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Persons with MS present with poorer IBT performance compared with HCs, which can limit participation. Processing speed and patient perceptions of IBT use and skills should be considered in technology design and training to improve the capabilities of persons with MS to use IBT for everyday living. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

To characterize variability in daily life functioning among individuals with serious mental illness based on a naturalistic performance measure of grocery shopping and standard neuropsychological tasks using cluster analytic methods.

A naturalistic performance measure, the Test of Grocery Shopping Skills (TOGSS), and standard neuropsychological tasks, were completed by 191 participants with serious mental illness. Hierarchical cluster analytic techniques were used to explore functional subgroups based on naturalistic performance measure variables. Multivariate analyses of variance were utilized to compare subgroups on TOGSS variables and neuropsychological measures, respectively.

Two distinct functional subgroups emerged from the cluster analysis. On average, participants in cluster one were faster, more efficient, and more accurate compared to cluster two. Selleck ISO-1 Based on performance on neuropsychological tasks, cluster one had better verbal memory, visual attention, and processing speed, and executive functioning scores, compared to cluster two. The clusters did not differ on a measure of auditory working memory.

Naturalistic performance measures can assist with characterizing the heterogeneity in real life functioning among people with serious mental illness. Further work to illuminate the relationship between specific cognitive abilities and specific functional abilities is warranted and may assist with targeting effective treatment plans for functional recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Naturalistic performance measures can assist with characterizing the heterogeneity in real life functioning among people with serious mental illness. Further work to illuminate the relationship between specific cognitive abilities and specific functional abilities is warranted and may assist with targeting effective treatment plans for functional recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).