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Conclusion. This exploration provided a glimpse into the lived experiences of student pharmacists at three different stages in their journey from dependent learners to autonomous contributors. By comparing students in one year with those in the next, the researchers were able to see the evolution that occurred over time as students became self-authored individuals, which is the ideal outcome for pharmacy graduates. © 2020 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy.Attributes of rigor and quality and suggested best practices for qualitative research design as they relate to the steps of designing, conducting, and reporting qualitative research in health professions educational scholarship are presented. A research question must be clear and focused and supported by a strong conceptual framework, both of which contribute to the selection of appropriate research methods that enhance trustworthiness and minimize researcher bias inherent in qualitative methodologies. Qualitative data collection and analyses are often modified through an iterative approach to answering the research question. Researcher reflexivity, essentially a researcher's insight into their own biases and rationale for decision-making as the study progresses, is critical to rigor. selleck products This article reviews common standards of rigor, quality scholarship criteria, and best practices for qualitative research from design through dissemination. © 2020 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy.Objective. In the course of daily teaching responsibilities, pharmacy educators collect rich data that can provide valuable insight into student learning. This article describes the qualitative data analysis method of content analysis, which can be useful to pharmacy educators because of its application in the investigation of a wide variety of data sources, including textual, visual, and audio files. Findings. Both manifest and latent content analysis approaches are described, with several examples used to illustrate the processes. This article also offers insights into the variety of relevant terms and visualizations found in the content analysis literature. Finally, common threats to the reliability and validity of content analysis are discussed, along with suitable strategies to mitigate these risks during analysis. Summary. This review of content analysis as a qualitative data analysis method will provide clarity and actionable instruction for both novice and experienced pharmacy education researchers. © 2020 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy.Objective. To determine how changes to the student evaluation of teaching (SET) survey instrument and process at a college of pharmacy contributed to improved student response rates and to understand how the process could be further refined. Methods. Pharmacy students from the class of 2018 who had participated in both the old and new SET process were recruited to participate in one of four focus group interviews. An inductive approach was used for data collection and analysis. A focus group guide was created based on two major domains comparing changes between the old and new SET process and survey form, and determining how the new SET process could be further refined. Results. In South Jordan, UT, six students participated in one of the focus groups and seven students participated in the other focus group. In Henderson, NV, seven students participated in each of the two focus groups. Twenty-seven total students participated in the four focus groups across two campuses. Students stated that reducing the numbccurate, and insightful, to be of good use of student and faculty time. © 2020 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy.Objective. To identify key themes of interprofessional models of care that offer experiential education opportunities for pharmacy learners. Methods. Six pharmacists from four Area Health Education Centers in North Carolina participated in individual, 60-minute interviews. Using two pre-established frameworks, the data were analyzed qualitatively by two members of the research team to identify the characteristics of interdisciplinary care teams. Results. At the level of the organization or health care system, the theme of appropriate resources and procedures emerged. At the level of the team, the themes of appropriate resources and procedures, communication, appropriate skill mix, climate, quality and outcomes of care, and respecting and understanding roles emerged. At the level of the individual, the themes of communication, respecting and understanding roles, and individual characteristics emerged. Three themes identified in a previous study failed to emerge in the interviews leadership and management; personal rewards, training and development; and clarity of vision. Conclusion. Although a growing body of evidence highlights the importance of designing practice models to achieve interdisciplinary care that is patient-centered and effective, capacity to support learners and effectively educate them in the principles and practices of team-based care is limited. This study provides critical insight into characterizations of interprofessional models that integrate pharmacy learners. Further research is needed to better understand the barriers to designing and implementing IPE in experiential settings. © 2020 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy.Objective. To explore the use of artifacts and material objects in accessing what learning means to pharmacy students, what their learning practices are, and their assumptions about what it means to master the pharmacy curriculum. Methods. Data collection was qualitative and took the form of individual semi-structured interviews with students in a Master of Pharmacy program. Participants were asked to select three artifacts (a photograph, an object, a song, a picture, or something else) that represented what learning as a pharmacy student meant to them and bring them to the interview. The interviews were conducted using both the abstracts and a semi-structured interview plan constructed as a mind map. Flexibility was applied to changing the sequence of themes, and additional probing questions were asked. Data were analyzed thematically using mind mapping and, subsequently, theoretical constructs were applied to make sense of the analysis. Results. Nineteen interviews were conducted. Findings were grouped into five distinct themes study practices or strategies adopted, rituals associated with learning and studying, pharmacy knowledge, motivation for learning, and ways of learning. Each of these identified themes was summarized and illustrations from the data given. The affective dimensions of learning were a strong emergent theme throughout the data. Conclusion. The use of artifacts in the research process afforded in-depth insight into the specific study practices adopted by a group of pharmacy students. Qualitative methods can be useful in surfacing students' learning practices and difficulties faced in their negotiation of the pharmacy curriculum. © 2020 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy.BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to investigate the risk factors for falls in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient population in Poland. This would be a major step towards the development of new fall prevention programs. MATERIAL AND METHODS There were 450 RA patients who met the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology who participated in this study. The average age of patient participants was 54.2 years; the average RA duration was 15.1 years. All patients filled out the study questionnaire regarding falls, medications, and diseases, and they filled out the Polish version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). RESULTS Of the 400 patients, 203 patients (51%) experienced falls. Out of the 268 falls experienced by study patients, 113 falls (42%) were due to an environmental cause, the remainder 155 falls were caused by health conditions. The number of falls positively correlated with HAQ scores (r=0.42, P0.05). CONCLUSIONS Knowledge about risk factors can help identify high-risk patients to help decrease their risk of falling, thus preventing fall-related injuries.BACKGROUND Evidence-based best practices are the cornerstone to guide optimal cardiopulmonary arrest resuscitation care. Adherence to the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) optimizes the management of critically ill patients and increases their chances of survival after cardiac arrest. Despite advances in resuscitation science and survival improvement over the last decades, only approximately 38% of children survive to hospital discharge after in-hospital cardiac arrest and only 6-20% after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether a mobile app developed as a guide to support and drive CPR providers in real-time through interactive pediatric advanced life support (PALS) algorithms would increase adherence to AHA guidelines and reduce the time to initiation of critical life-saving maneuvers compared to the use of PALS pocket reference cards. METHODS This study was a randomized controlled trial conducted during a simulation-based pediatrice app. Adherence to the 2018 AHA pVT algorithm improved by approximately 70% (P =.001) using the app following all CPR sequences of action in a stepwise fashion until return of spontaneous circulation. link2 The pVT rhythm was recognized correctly in 51/52 (98.1%) opportunities using the app compared to only 19/52 (36.5%) among those using PALS cards (P less then .001). Time to epinephrine injection was similar. Among a total of 78 opportunities, wrong shock or drug doses occurred in 14.1% (11/78) of cases among those using the cards. These errors were reduced by 12.8% (1/78, P =.0046) using the app. CONCLUSIONS Use of the mobile app was associated with a shorter time to first and subsequent defibrillation attempts, lesser medication and defibrillation dose errors, and improved adherence to AHA recommendations compared with the use of PALS pocket cards. CLINICALTRIAL Registration was not required as the purpose of the study was to examine the effect of the intervention on healthcare providers.BACKGROUND The prevalence of thoughts of self-harm during the postpartum period is not well documented in Canada. To estimate the prevalence of thoughts of self-harm among postpartum women in Canada, this study explored prevalence by socio-demographic characteristics and examined the associations between thoughts of self-harm and aspects of maternal mental health. METHODS This study used data from the 2018/2019 Survey on Maternal Health which surveyed women living in the 10 provinces anywhere between 6-13 months postpartum. Participants were asked to report experiencing thoughts of self-harm, rate their mental health, and participate in the abbreviated Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) scale. link3 Adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations. RESULTS Of the 6,558 respondents who agreed to share their data, 10.4% reported thoughts of self-harm since the birth of their child. Of these women, 37.0% reported low mental health, 54.2% had moderate levels of symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD) and 37.